Silane-coating strategy has been used to bind biological compounds to the titanium surface, thereby making implant devices biologically active. However, it has not been determined if the presence of the silane coating itself is biocompatible to osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if silane-coating affects bone formation on titanium using a rabbit model. For this, titanium screw implants (3.75 by 6 mm) were hydroxylated in a solution of H₂SO₄/30% H₂O₂ for 4 h before silane-coating with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A parallel set of titanium screws underwent only the hydroxylation process to present similar acid-etched topography as a control. The presence of the silane on the surface was checked by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 40 titanium screws were implanted in the tibia of ten New Zealand rabbits in order to evaluate bone-to-implant contact (BIC) after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of healing. Silane-coated surface presented higher nitrogen content in the XPS analysis, while micro- and nano-topography of the surface remained unaffected. No difference between the groups was observed after 3 and 6 weeks of healing (p > 0.05, independent t-test), although an increase in BIC occurred over time. These results indicate that silanization of a titanium surface with APTES did not impair the bone formation, indicating that this can be a reliable tool to anchor osteogenic molecules on the surface of implant devices.

Introduction: The long‐term success of dental implants depends on the preservation of supporting tissues over time. Recent studies have highlighted the release of titanium particles as a potential etiology for the onset and progression of peri‐implant diseases modulated by inflammatory biomarkers. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of surface changes associated with high insertion torque placement.Methods: Three groups of cylindrical threaded dental implants, each representing different surface topographies produced by anodization or a combination of grit‐blasting and acid‐etching processes, were inserted into fresh cow rib bone blocks used to mimic human jaws. Individual bone blocks were fabricated with a dimension of 20 × 15 × 15 mm, randomly assigned to the three implant groups. Prior to dental implant placement, the bone blocks were divided in half to facilitate implant removal without introducing additional damage. The drilling protocol was modified, excluding the final drill recommended by the manufacturer to ensure higher insertion torque values during the procedure. Dental implants were removed from the bone blocks and processed for analysis. Surface roughness was characterized using interferometry on the same area before and after insertion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a back‐scattered electron detector (BSD) was employed to identify the implant surface and loose particles at the bone block interface.Results: The high insertion torque protocol used in this study resulted in higher insertion torque values compared to manufacturers' protocol, but no difference was observed when comparing the three implant groups. Surface roughness characterization revealed that amplitude and hybrid roughness parameters for all three groups were lower after insertion. The surfaces exhibiting a predominance of peaks (Ssk [skewness] > 0) associated with higher structures (height parameters) showed greater damage at the crests of the threads, while no changes were observed in the valleys of the threads. SEM‐BSD images revealed loose titanium particles at the bone blocks interface, predominantly at the crestal cortical bone level.Conclusions: High insertion torque resulted in surface damage at the crests of threads, which subsequently led to the release of titanium particles primarily at the bone crest. The initial release of titanium particles during implant insertion at the bone‐implant interface warrants further exploration as a potential cofactor for marginal bone loss.

Objective: This study systematically reviewed the effect of intra‐articular injection (IAI) of platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF), alone or combined with arthrocentesis or arthroscopy, in managing painful articular temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and improving maximum mouth opening (MMO). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in five databases, identifying randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials focusing on minimally invasive TMJ interventions using i‐PRF. Meta‐analyses were performed with a random‐effects model for studies reporting similar outcomes, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, and MMO values. Results: Out of 332 studies identified, 13 met the inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. Within‐group comparisons revealed significant pain reduction at 3–6 and 8–12 months for i‐PRF alone or combined with arthrocentesis or arthroscopy. MMO values significantly increased using i‐PRF alone at 8–12 months, combined with arthrocentesis or arthroscopy at 3–6 and 8–12 months, with no significant increase using i‐PRF alone at 3–6 months. Between‐group analyses demonstrated that i‐PRF combined with arthrocentesis significantly reduced VAS scores and increased MMO values compared to arthrocentesis alone at 3–6 and 8–12 months. Conclusion: Using i‐PRF alone or combined with arthrocentesis or arthroscopy is effective in pain reduction and MMO increase.