Background: Gout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in the joints. This leads to pain, swelling, and restricted motion. Although pharmacological treatments are effective, lifestyle and dietary factors play crucial roles in managing gout and its flares. Aim: This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of lifestyle factors, physical activity, and dietary patterns on serum uric acid levels and gout activity. Methods: A search of PubMed, BMJ journals, and Google Scholar identified eight studies (five prospective cohort studies, two case-cross-over studies, and one randomized controlled trial), involving 47,879 participants (predominantly males [78.5–95.3%], aged 55–66 years). Eligible studies focused on adults with gout and examined the lifestyle or dietary factors affecting uric acid levels or gout activity. The review followed a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO registration CRD42024594359). To optimize the quality, the bias risk was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 tool for randomized controlled trials. Results: The findings suggest that consuming polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich fish, regular physical activity, and increased vegetable intake may reduce gout flares. Conversely, high purine intake (especially animal sources), excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity are risk factors for gout exacerbation. Some studies have reported reduced serum uric acid levels with dietary changes, whereas others have found no significant effect. Despite the variability and recall bias, dietary and lifestyle modifications may help manage gout and reduce disease activity. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review emphasize the importance of dietary and lifestyle factors in managing serum uric acid levels and reducing the risk of gout flares. Further research is required to establish clinical recommendations to improve patient outcomes.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an important joint that plays major functions, including dental occlusion, mastication, and facial expressions. Different diseases can affect the TMJ, including chronic inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide associated with TMJ dysfunction. In this study, we assess the prevalence of TMJ among RA patients based on the Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Eighty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were interviewed by a trained physician to fulfill the Fonseca Anamnestic Index questionnaire. All participants underwent a medical file review to collect their sociodemographic data, RA duration, co-existing comorbidities, and different lab results. According to the Fonseca score, 29.6% had no temporomandibular disorder (TMD) among RA patients, while 39.5% had mild TMD. Only 6% had severe TMD. The female sex and increased body weight were associated with TMJ disease. The majority of rheumatoid arthritis patients (70%) suffer from some degree of temporomandibular joint disorder.

Purpose: Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is defined as frequent ischaemic attacks in the fingers and toes due to vascular vasospasm. Studies have been conducted in many countries worldwide to determine the prevalence of RP. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of RP in the Saudi Arabian population. Patients and Methods: An online survey based on international consensus criteria used to diagnose RP was conducted to collect data from individuals from the Saudi population. Participants were considered positive if they had triphasic or biphasic colours of the extremities with cold-related sensitivity. Awareness of RP was also assessed. Results: A total of 1025 responses were collected and included in the final analysis. The prevalence of RP was 4.29%, including 22% men and 77% women. The most common age group among women was 26– 40 years (36.3%). Familiarity with RP was low, with 56.82% of participants lacking adequate awareness regarding RP. Only 32% of patients with RP reported attending doctor visits regarding symptoms of the disease. Conclusion: The RP prevalence in Saudi Arabia is comparable to that reported in the international literature. Public awareness activities should be conducted to increase knowledge about RP. Trial Registration: Not applicable.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a challenging condition affecting 9% to 38% of people worldwide. However, its prevalence in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the point-prevalence of OSA in patients with PsA using polysomnography (PSG) the gold-standard diagnostic method for OSA. Diagnosis of OSA was confirmed via standardized PSG utilizing the American Academy of sleep (AASM) recommendations. PsA disease activity was assessed using the disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). The point-prevalence of OSA among the 42 PsA patients who underwent PSG was 50%, with 36% exhibiting moderate-to-severe OSA. No significant associations were identified between OSA occurrence and PsA disease activity assessed by DAPSA or HAQ-DI ( P > .05). Older age (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07–1.27, P = .001) as well as greater BMI, which showed a trend toward significance (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.99–1.52, P = .055), were predictors of OSA in patients with PsA. Although there was no correlation between PsA disease activity and OSA, our study highlights a higher prevalence of OSA among patients with PsA compared with the population in the same region, as well as reported literature.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a multifactorial disease with a predilection for elderly male patients with multiple medical problems, including mainly hypoperfusion and malnutrition. The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy, and AEN is managed conservatively by controlling the underlying illness. We report a case of a 65-year-old man with malnutrition, heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease, infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septicemia, and positive herpes simplex serology, who developed upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Endoscopy confirmed AEN, and he was managed conservatively with antacids, hydration, and antibiotics.