Cannabidiol (CBD), a bioactive phytochemical derived from Cannabis sativa, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and emerging antitumor properties. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common oral cancer, remains challenging to treat due to its aggressive nature and limited therapeutic options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been increasingly recognized as key mediators of tumor progression, facilitating intercellular communication, remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), and promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance in OSCC. This review discusses the pharmacological properties of CBD, including its bioavailability limitations, multi-target mechanisms, and potential for combination therapy. Notably, we explore the hypothesis that CBD may exert antitumor effects through modulation of EV secretion-a novel and underexplored mechanism in OSCC. Although direct evidence in OSCC models remains limited, studies in non-OSCC systems suggest that CBD influences EV biogenesis and release via pathways involving Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3 signaling, and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. Based on these findings, we propose a hypothetical framework linking CBD-mediated EV modulation to OSCC therapy. Despite its therapeutic promise, the clinical translation of CBD faces key hurdles, including poorly characterized mechanisms of EV regulation in OSCC, a lack of targeted delivery systems that compromises specificity and bioavailability, and a general scarcity of OSCC-specific evidence. This review underscores the urgent need for future research to prioritize long-term evaluations, explore synergistic CBD-drug combinations, develop advanced CBD delivery systems, and assess its dual role in tumor suppression and pain management to enable clinical use.

The combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) and BMP-2 has been reported to promote bone regeneration. However, the interaction of endothelial cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) during HA + BMP-2 treatment is not fully understood. This study aimed to analyze the direct effect of HA, as well as the paracrine effect of HA-treated endothelial cells, on the BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The angiogenic differentiation potential of HA at different molecular weights and different concentrations was tested. The direct effect of HA, as well as the indirect effect of HA-treated human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs, i.e., conditioned medium (CM)-based co-culture) on the BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was analyzed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, and RT-qPCR of osteogenic markers. Angiogenic differentiation markers were also analyzed in HUVECs after treatment with HA + BMP-2. The bone regeneration potential of BMP-2 and HA + BMP-2 was analyzed in a rat ectopic model. We found that 1600 kDa HA at 300 µg/mL promoted tube formation by HUVECs in vitro and upregulated the mRNA expression of the angiogenic markers CD31, VEGF, and bFGF. HA inhibited, but conditioned medium from HA-treated HUVECs promoted, the BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as indicated by the results of ALP staining and activity, ARS staining, and the mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers RUNX-2, ALP, COLI, and OPN. HA + BMP-2 (50 ng/mL) upregulated the expression of the angiogenesis-related genes VEGF and bFGF in HUVECs and bone regeneration in vivo compared to BMP-2 treatment. In conclusion, the paracrine effect of hyaluronic acid-treated endothelial cells promotes BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis, suggesting the application potential of HA + BMP-2 in bone tissue engineering.

Over the past two decades, silica-based nanobiomaterials (SNs) have emerged as a promising frontier in regenerative medicine, garnering substantial interest for their potential applications. Despite this growing interest, a notable lack of comprehensive and dynamic analyses remains, examining the evolution, development trends, research hotspots, and prospects of SNs in this field. To address this gap, we systematically analyzed 853 research articles published between 2006 and 2025 in the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science Core Collection). Using bibliometric tools—CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny—we generated data-driven visualizations to elucidate publication trends, contributions by countries/regions and institutions, journal distributions, research categories, thematic focuses, reference networks, and keyword dynamics. Our findings reveal a rapid acceleration in research output. While China leads in academic output volume, the United States maintains a significant advantage in average citation frequency, highlighting disparities in research impact. Current research hotspots include drug delivery systems, antimicrobial activity, bone regeneration, and wound healing. Keyword burst analysis identifies emerging frontiers such as mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles, wound healing, and zinc ion dopants. This study not only maps the trajectory of SNs in regenerative medicine but also discusses critical challenges and future directions, offering valuable insights for advancing the field.