Background/Objectives: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, and oxidative imbalances. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementations with ‘Arinto’ grape pomace flour (GPF) (WGPF) and ‘Touriga Nacional’ GPF (RGPF) in an animal model of T2DM. Methods: T2DM was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 28 days and a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) on the 21st day. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control (CT), T2DM, T2DM + Metformin (250 mg/kg), T2DM + 10% ‘Arinto’ GPF (WGPF), and T2DM + 10% ‘Touriga Nacional’ GPF (RGPF). On the 21st day of the experimental protocol, animals were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test. An oral glucose tolerance test, oxidative stress parameters, biochemical analysis, and pancreas histological analyses were performed. Results: T2DM impaired glucose tolerance, elevated serum triglycerides and cholesterol, increased oxidative damage in the liver, and induced pancreatic histological abnormalities. However, supplementation with WGPF and RGPF demonstrated positive effects, mitigating glycemic and lipid disruptions, ameliorating oxidative stress, and protecting pancreatic Islets β-cells. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the protective effects of WGPF and RGPF in the adverse impacts of T2DM. Additionally, our study emphasizes the innovative use of grape pomace, a winemaking by-product, promoting sustainability by transforming waste into functional foods with significant health benefits.

Grape pomace (GP) is a by-product of wine industry that despite its substantial bioactive compounds content is vastly discarded during winemaking process. The present review aimed to summarize recent evidence on the biological, metabolic, nutritional and sensory properties of grape pomace flour (GPF) supplemented foods administrated to different models. In this sense, the search was carried out in the electronic databases “PubMed”, “Google Scholar” and “SCOPUS” and comprised studies that used grape pomace as its totality for the flour productions. GPF demonstrated a high dietary fiber and polyphenolic content that caused notable changes in organoleptic characteristics such as the color and texture of fortified foods and metabolic features. In some pre-clinical and clinical studies, an increase in antioxidant and anti-glycemic profile and a decrease in blood pressure have been observed, suggesting GPF as a possible health promoting agent when used as a food fortifier. Keywords: grape pomace flour, fortified foods, phenolic compound, dietary fiber

The search for therapies capable of reversing or attenuating the pathological damage associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has intensified alongside global population aging. In this context, nutritional management through the Ketogenic Diet (KD) has gained increasing attention due to its potential effects on key pathological pathways and signaling mechanisms involved in AD. This review aimed to gather and synthesize recent evidence regarding the management of AD through the KD. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and SciELO databases using the keywords "ketogenic diet," "medium-chain triglycerides," "Alzheimer's disease," and "beta-amyloid" in both English and Portuguese. Original studies and systematic reviews published within the last 10 years were included. Ten articles were selected, comprising three systematic reviews or meta-analyses, five preclinical studies, and two clinical trials. The main findings indicate that the KD influences pathways involved in AD pathogenesis and improves cognition, functional performance, and quality of life in APOE-negative patients with mild to moderate AD. The KD appears to be a promising adjunct to conventional pharmacological treatment. Based on the available evidence, the KD represents a potential therapeutic strategy, highlighting the need for more robust clinical trials to further elucidate its long-term applicability and safety.

The global surge in metabolic disorders, including diabetes and dyslipidemia represents a major public health challenge. Natural products like yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) offer promising therapeutic potential due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigates the effects of Ilex paraguariensis and Camellia sinensis extracts on serum lipid and glucose levels in dyslipidemic and diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by alloxan administration and dyslipidemia via a high-fat diet. To complement the in vivo findings, molecular docking analyses explored the interactions of major compounds of Ilex paraguariensis - chlorogenic acid, rutin and caffeic acid - with HMG-CoA reductase and adipose triglyceride lipase, enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. The findings demonstrated that the extracts effectively resulted in hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats, reduced triacylglycerol levels in both models, and lowered total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the dyslipidemic model. Molecular docking revealed strong inhibitory potential of all tested compounds, with chlorogenic acid showing the highest binding affinity. Together, these findings highlight the therapeutic promise of I. paraguariensis and C. sinensis in managing metabolic disorders and support further exploration of plant-based interventions.