Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are synthetic peptides that mimic the natural activity of GLP-1, widely known for lowering blood glucose levels and promoting weight reduction. These characteristics make them a valuable tool in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity-related conditions. Recent findings indicate that GLP1-RAs may also offer therapeutic benefits in managing hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder closely associated with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This review explores the potential role of GLP1-RAs in managing HS. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases, including MEDLINE and Google Scholar, without date limitations. Key search terms included “GLP-1” or “GLP-1 agonists” combined with “hidradenitis suppurativa” or “acne inversa”. Inclusion criteria were set for studies reporting on the use of GLP1-RAs as a treatment for HS, with articles discussing theoretical applications excluded. Data synthesis included findings from 25 relevant studies. Results: The analysis revealed that GLP1-RAs, specifically liraglutide and semaglutide, led to significant reductions in weight and systemic inflammation in HS patients. Notably, improvements in lesion severity and quality of life were reported. The anti-inflammatory effects of GLP1-RAs were attributed to the suppression of key inflammatory pathways involving TNF-α, IL-17, and NF-κB. Conclusions: GLP1-RAs demonstrate significant potential as an adjunct therapy for HS, addressing both the metabolic and inflammatory aspects of the condition. While early results are promising, further research is necessary to determine their long-term efficacy in managing HS.

Background: Cardiac myxomas are benign tumors of the heart. They occur mostly in the left atrium. The preferred treatment is surgical resection, which can be performed via conventional median sternotomy, minimally invasive, or robotic-assisted approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes, advantages, and limitations of these surgical methods, with a focus on their safety, efficacy, and impact on patient recovery. Methods: This systemic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The chosen databases were systematically searched using the keywords “cardiac myxoma”, “resection”, “approach”, “minimally invasive”, and “robotic surgery”. The comparison between the surgical strategies was based on thirteen articles, which met the inclusion criteria. Results: Median sternotomy remains the standard technique, providing excellent surgical access but is associated with longer hospital stays, higher blood loss, and increased risk of complications such as stroke. Minimally invasive approaches demonstrated comparable safety with shorter ICU stays, reduced blood loss, and lower postoperative pain but presented challenges, including limited exposure and longer procedure times. Robotic-assisted surgery showed potential as a safe alternative but was limited by high costs and technical demands. However, the data on minimally invasive and robotic methods are limited due to the rarity of cardiac myxomas. Conclusions: The choice of surgical technique should be individualised by considering the tumour size, location, patient condition, and surgeon expertise. Routine postoperative echocardiographic monitoring is essential to detect residual or recurrent tumours. Further studies are needed to validate the long-term efficacy of minimally invasive and robotic approaches.

Background: Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The predominant pathogens that exacerbate the AMR problem are multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Due to the increasing adaptation of MDR GNB to commercially available antimicrobial drugs, such as carbapenems as well as third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, pharmaceutical companies around the world have been forced to produce increasingly innovative chemotherapeutics. Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a novel injectable cephalosporin 5 generation developed by Shionogi, directed against MDR GNB, including strains resistant to carbapenems. Results: Analysis demonstrated its significant efficacy across a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies against MDR GNB, including Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) (WHO Critical Priority Pathogens). Clinical studies have shown CFDC to be an effective drug with few adverse effects. Conclusions: When used CFDC appropriately within antibiotic stewardship guidelines, this drug is an effective, well-tolerated targeted treatment option for patients with severe clinical conditions.

Background/Objectives: Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition with periods of exacerbation and remission that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The basic intestinal manifestation is frequently accompanied by extraintestinal involvement and may lead to complications such as perforations, fistulas and abscesses. Despite Crohn’s disease being the most common reason of intestinal perforation, the other causes should be considered as well. Internalization of a foreign body, although rare, may still occur, especially in the pediatric population. Methods: The following case report presents the medical history of an 11-year-old patient who developed an enterocutaneous fistula two years after the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. Data analysis was carried out on the basis of patient medical records. Results: The fistula formed in the course of biological treatment during a period free of other symptoms indicating disease exacerbation. The imaging tests revealed the presence of a foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract, which could have been a potential cause of the observed inflammation that resulted in the development of the fistula. Conclusions: The presented case report as well as the literature indicate a correlation between the formation of intestinal fistulas and an active disease process. However, in the absence of symptoms of Crohn’s disease exacerbation, other causes should be considered.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) contributes to clinically significant suffering, and impaired social functioning. Among AA patients, there is a clear impact of the disease on their sense of attractiveness and desirability as sexual partners. This review explores the development of sexual disorders among AA patients, highlighting their importance in the clinical diagnosis of comorbid health disorders with hair loss. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases, including MEDLINE and Google Scholar, without date limitations, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Key search terms included “sexuality” or “sexual health” or “sexual dysfunction” or “sexual disorder” AND “alopecia areata”. Data synthesis included findings from eight relevant studies. Results: Hair loss in the course of AA has a negative impact on the sexual sphere, significantly reducing the quality of life of patients and their partners. Proper sexual functioning is an integral part of every person, so special attention should be paid to the possibility of developing sexual dysfunction in the course of AA. Conclusions: Small sample sizes and heterogeneous populations make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Continued research with standardized criteria for SD diagnosis and appropriately large cohorts will be essential to fully establish psychosexual disorders among AA patients.

Background: The alarming increase in the number of new bacterial defense mechanisms is exacerbating the problem of antibiotic resistance and poses a serious obstacle to the treatment of bacterial infections. Despite the approval of numerous new antibiotics by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), mainly from the beta-lactam group since 2000, only some of them possess unique mechanisms of action and activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR GNB), including carbapenem resistance. Eravacycline (EVT), formerly known as TP-434, is a newly developed non-beta-lactam, fully synthetic tetracycline derivative, approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) in adults. Results: The analysis demonstrated significant efficacy of EVT across a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies against MDR GNB, including carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and Gram-positive vancomycine-resistant pathogens. Conclusions: The broad spectrum of activity and favorable safety profile of EVT are well-documented in the treatment of critically ill patients. However, its efficacy against clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria varies depending on specific species and resistance phenotypes, particularly among carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates.