Life expectancy provides insights into population health and the socio-economic development level of a country. However, there has been a significant gap in life expectancy between developed and underdeveloped countries, although these countries and international institutions have focused on reducing these inequalities. This article explores the long-term effects of social, educational, and health expenditures together with GDP per capita on indicators of life expectancy in the OECD states over the period of 2005–2021 through second-generation cointegration analysis. The results of the cointegration analysis demonstrate that public social and educational expenditures, health expenditures, and real GDP per capita have a positive effect on indicators of life expectancy in the OECD states over the long term, but the effect of real GDP per capita and health expenditures on indicators of life expectancy is relatively higher than effect of public social and educational expenditures on indicators of life expectancy. In conclusion, the effective use of governmental resources in terms of social, educational, and health expenditures can be beneficial in improving population health directly and indirectly through economic growth and development.

Countries have turned to developing renewable energy production, avoiding the risks posed by the disruptions in global energy trade, the high volatility in energy prices, and the remarkable environmental impairment. Numerous economic, environmental, institutional, and social factors have been put forward as driving factors toward renewable energy. The goal of this research article is to study the causal nexus among energy dependency, human capital, real GDP per capita, CO₂ emissions, and renewable energy of the 27 EU members between 2000 and 2020 through Emirmahmutoglu and Kose causality test. The results of the panel-level causality tests demonstrate feedback interplay among energy dependency, human capital, real GDP per capita, CO₂ emissions, and renewable energy use. However, the results of the country-level causality analysis unveil that the interplay among renewable energy utilization, energy dependency, real GDP per capita, CO₂ emissions, and human capital remarkably varies among EU members. The results of this study suggest that renewable energy investments are significant instruments to make progress in energy security, human capital, real GDP per capita, and CO₂ emissions. Furthermore, energy security, human capital, real GDP per capita, and CO₂ emissions are significant drivers of renewable energy development.

Toplumlarda yolsuzluğun yaygınlaşması, toplumlar açısından çok sayıda sosyal ve ekonomik maliyete yol açabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda yolsuzluk kamu kaynaklarının israf edilmesine, halkın hükümete olan güveninin azalmasına, verimsizlik ve adaletsizliğe yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada JKS (2021) nedensellik testi kullanılarak 2002-2022 döneminde 11 AB geçiş ekonomisinde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ile yolsuzluk arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim incelenmiştir. Nedensellik analizi sonuçları bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ile yolsuzluk arasında karşılıklı etkileşim olduğunu göstermektedir.