Urban parks provide essential ecosystem services (ESs) that enhance human wellbeing. However, discrepancies often arise between objective assessments of these services and stakeholders’ subjective perceptions. This study addresses a research gap concerning the synergies and tradeoffs between objective evaluations and subjective perceptions of key ecosystem services across various spatial scales. We investigated six key ecosystem services in Century Park, Shanghai, across seven buffer radii (8–100 m). Objective data were obtained from park view images (PVIs) and spatial analysis, while subjective perceptions were gathered through a scoring survey of 33 stakeholders. The key finding is that a buffer radius of 35 m offers optimal synergy between objective and subjective assessments for most ESs, particularly in pollution mediation, temperature regulation, and cultural services. Professionals showed stronger alignment in regulatory services like pollution mediation and temperature regulation, while residents exhibited higher synergy in net primary production (NPP) beyond a 75 m radius. Notably, cultural services displayed nuanced differences, with professionals preferring simpler landscapes and residents demonstrating varied aesthetic preferences. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating objective data and human perceptions in urban green space planning and governance. By incorporating diverse stakeholders and identifying optimal buffer zones, planners and designers can effectively balance ESs with human experiences. This approach ultimately fosters more sustainable and wellbeing-centered urban environments.

With the growing awareness of public health, urban parks have increasingly become popular venues for physical activities due to their accessibility and pleasant landscapes, among which walking, jogging, and running dominate. This study innovatively integrates exercise trajectory data from the Strava platform and semantic segmentation technology to analyze the interaction mechanisms among park view elements, physical activities, and physiological responses, based on empirical data from three representative parks in Shanghai. This study includes the following: (1) acquiring hotspot exercise paths and physiological data (heart rate and speed) of walking, jogging, and running users through the open Strava platform; (2) conducting semantic segmentation on real-word photos of three case parks to extract 17 types of park elements; (3) applying Spearman’s correlation analysis to reveal the differential impacts of park elements on physiological responses under walking, jogging, and running behaviors, demonstrating that combinations of elements such as trees, water bodies, fences, and sky influence exercise performance; and (4) constructing scene modules for site attraction, training improvement, and restorative relaxation for walking, jogging, and running, and proposing phased landscape scene sequence strategies to provide quantitative guidance for health-oriented park planning and design. This study breaks through the limitations of traditional subjective evaluations by coupling objective physiological data with spatial elements, offering novel insights for optimizing the exercise functionality of urban green spaces.

In the new stage of urban development in China, the dominant way of urban regeneration has transformed from the traditional mode of radical reconstruction on massive scale to the organic renewal in gradual process on micro scale. During the practice of organic renewal, the concept of ‘micro-regeneration’ has been developed, aiming at local adjustment and micro-transformation of urban space through small-scale development and renewal, so as to realize space renovation and environment improvement. As a lightweight and practical organic renewal method, ‘micro-renewal’ has been widely discussed and applied in the practice of urban community regeneration in recent years. Campus is a special type of community, but it faces similar problems as urban communities, which is the mismatching of existing environmental quality, functions and actual use demands with the change of development stage. Especially under the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, how to improve the overall cultural atmosphere through the renewal of campus public space is an important issue. Due to the special ownership and use mode of campus space, large-scale renovation is not applicable. While, the concept of ‘micro-regeneration’ provides a possible way for the sustainable development of campus environment. This article takes the regeneration project of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music as an example, applying the theory and method of ‘micro-regeneration’ to carry out the practice of cultural construction of campus public space. In this project, in terms of space renovation, the creation of a cultural atmosphere in the campus public space was achieved through ‘small-scale’ detailed design; in terms of investment costs, the cost control of ‘micro-input’ ensured the balance between social and economic benefits; In terms of the implementation process, the precise deployment of ‘quasi-operations’ avoided the interference of large-scale construction on the daily operation of the campus. In the course of the project, multiple departments and interests were collaborated, which contributed to the whole process control of the ‘microregeneration’ of campus from planning and design, communication and negotiation to construction and operation. The research shows that the concept of ‘micro-regeneration’ provides a suitable path for the reconstruction of the campus cultural, which can realize the continuous improvement of the campus space and cultural quality under the premise of maintaining the normal operation. At the same time, under the concept of ‘micro-regeneration’, the implementation mode of small-scale, micro-investment and quasi-operation is relatively easy for the whole process management from planning to landing, which is conducive to the full realization of the vision of regeneration.

Sustainable regeneration of historic districts requires small-scale interventions to be targeted carefully because conservation constraints, limited resources, and heterogeneous street conditions make blanket renewal inappropriate. We develop an uncertainty-audited GeoAI workflow that supports field-audit prioritization for conservation-sensitive micro-renewal. In a Nanluoguxiang, Beijing case study, 2144 directional street-view images represented 536 panoramas, of which 535 entered final perception analysis. Semantic segmentation and repeated vision-language-model scoring produced streetscape indicators and AI-estimated visual-impression constructs. On a blinded 20-panorama subset, ten independent raters showed excellent average-measures reliability for perceived vitality and oppressiveness (ICC(2,10) = 0.967 and 0.954), and human mean ratings were strongly associated with Qwen scores (Spearman rho = 0.951 and 0.921; both p < 0.001). Leakage-resistant, spatially nested validation explained 30.0% of held-out vitality variance and 40.0% of held-out oppressiveness variance. A 48-specification stochastic priority analysis yielded a median top-15 overlap of 13/15 with the reference specification. Joint propagation of measurement, segmentation-architecture, spatial/model, panorama-to-edge, and decision-weight uncertainty identified E0079, E0076, and E0129 as the strongest inner-core candidates, with conservative conditional selection frequencies of 0.608, 0.605, and 0.577. These frequencies are algorithmic acceptability measures under tested assumptions, not calibrated probabilities, causal effects, or construction recommendations. A separate local Gemma 3 12B check on the same 20 panels showed moderate positive vitality agreement with human means (Spearman rho = 0.752) and with Qwen scores (rho = 0.752), as well as positive but weaker oppressiveness agreement with human means (rho = 0.671) and Qwen scores (rho = 0.654). Gemma underestimated vitality by 0.700 points on average but had near-zero mean oppressiveness bias (+0.010), so cross-model validity remains construct-specific rather than established globally. The workflow supports transparent resource targeting and follow-up field investigation while preserving the need for stakeholder consultation, engineering assessment, cross-model validation, and cross-district replication. Here, conservation sensitivity is implemented as a constraint on subsequent field verification and intervention appraisal; heritage significance is not directly estimated by the ranking model.

Historic university campuses increasingly face simultaneous demands for functional renewal and heritage conservation amid rapid urbanization. However, the relationship between campus landscape perceptions and students’ built heritage conservation intention, together with the psychological pathways underlying this relationship, remains insufficiently understood. This cross-sectional study examines the association between Campus Landscape and Built Heritage Conservation Intention, focusing on the mediating roles of Place Identity and Place Dependence. Using a multidimensional place-attachment framework, the proposed model was tested with structural equation modeling (SEM) based on 569 student questionnaires collected at the Jungong Road Campus of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (formerly Hujiang University), which contains the Hujiang University modern architectural complex, designated as a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level in China. Campus Landscape was positively associated with Built Heritage Conservation Intention. Place Identity showed a significant positive indirect association, whereas the indirect association through Place Dependence was not statistically significant. In subgroup analyses, the estimated indirect association through Place Dependence was positive among undergraduates and negative among postgraduates, but it was not statistically significant in either subgroup and should therefore be interpreted as exploratory. These findings highlight the significant indirect association through Place Identity and offer illustrative implications for campus landscape planning that is attentive to place identity and for the conservation of historic campuses in active use.