As recently indiscriminate abuse of existing antibiotics in both clinical and veterinary treatment leads to proliferation of antibiotic resistance in microbes and poses a dilemma for the future treatment of such bacterial infection, antimicrobial resistance has been considered to be one of the currently leading concerns in global public health, and reported to widely spread and extended to a large variety of microorganisms. In China, as one of the currently worst areas for antibiotics abuse, the annual prescription of antibiotics, including both clinical and veterinary treatment, has approaching 140 gram per person and been roughly estimated to be 10 times higher than that in the United Kingdom, which is considered to be a potential area for the emergence of “Super Bugs”. Based on the integrons surveillance in Guangzhou, China in the past decade, this review thus aimed at summarizing the role of integrons in the perspective of both clinical setting and environment, with the focus on the occurrence and prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections throughout the world. As clinical MRSA diagnosis is concerned, current diagnostic methodologies are restricted by significant drawbacks and novel methods are required for MRSA detection. This study aimed at developing a simple loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting on orfX for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Objective: To systematically analyze the risk factors for bloodstream infections (BSI) of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and its adverse prognosis (death), and provide theoretical basis for improving clinical prevention and control efficiency and reducing mortality. Methods: The literatures related to KP BSI risk factors and death risk factors were searched in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Cochrane databases. Relevant literatures were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out for the finally included literatures. Meta-analysis was conducted by STATA12.0 software. Results: A total of 9 literatures were included with a total sample size of 2014, all of which were retrospective studies with NOS scores of 7-9.Meta analysis showed that: the history of hospitalization, history of ICU stay, high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, lung disease, liver abscess, hypoalbuminemia, hemodialysis, mechanical ventilation, deep venipuncture, indwelling gastric tube, parenteral nutrition, placing a urinary catheter use radiotherapy/ chemotherapy, hormone and immune inhibitor use, antibiotics (beta lactam, carbon green alkene, quinolone, for ring element, cephalosporins) the use of the difference between groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Publication bias showed that ICU admission history, hypertension, and malignant tumors were biased. After the one-way study was adopted, ICU admission history and hypertension had no significant bias, which was accepted. Conclusion: the history of hospitalization, history of ICU stay, high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, lung disease, liver abscess, hypoalbuminemia, hemodialysis, mechanical ventilation, deep venipuncture, indwelling gastric tube, parenteral nutrition, placing a urinary catheter use radiotherapy/ chemotherapy, hormone and immune inhibitor use, antibiotics (beta lactam, carbon green alkene, quinolone, for ring element, cephalosporins) the use of KP is the major risk factors of death in patients with bloodstream infections.