Background: Radial angiography, preferred for its safety and comfort in percutaneous coronary interventions, occasionally leads to paresthesia-a tingling or numbing sensation in the hand. This study aimed to investigate the presence of nerve damage in patients experiencing paresthesia post-radial angiography through electrophysiological examination. Methods: This prospective study involved 77 patients who developed hand paresthesia following radial angiography. Excluded were those with malignancy, pregnancy, pacemakers, or recent angiography. Nerve conduction studies were performed using the Neuropack MEB 9102K EMG device, assessing sensory and motor amplitudes, latencies, and velocities of median, ulnar, and radial nerves. Results: The study included 77 patients (23 females, 54 males; average age 58.39 +/- 10.44 years). In 11 diabetic patients, polyneuropathy was detected. For the remaining 66 patients, electrophysiological evaluations showed no significant pathological findings. Comparative analysis of both upper extremities revealed no significant differences in nerve conduction parameters between the side where angiography was performed and the other side. Despite paresthesia complaints, no electrophysiological evidence of nerve damage was found, suggesting that symptoms might be due to local irritation rather than direct nerve injury. This aligns with the safety profile of radial angiography and underscores the importance of distinguishing between transient paresthesia and serious nerve complications. Conclusion: Paresthesia post-radial angiography, while clinically notable, is not typically associated with nerve damage. This study is significant as it is the first in the literature to demonstrate that radial angiography does not cause nerve damage.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive disease, leading to significant psychological impacts on patients and their caregivers. This study focuses on the psychological impact on caregivers of Multiple Sclerosis patients, particularly examining the correlation between the severity of disability and depression, caregiver burden and self-stigma. Methods: The study included 65 Multiple Sclerosis patients and their caregivers. Caregivers were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, ZARIT Burden Interview, Self-Stigma of Depression Scale and patients were evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 17. Results: The study found higher scores in Beck Depression Inventory, Self-Stigma of Depression Scale and ZARIT Burden Interview among female caregivers, indicating a greater burden. Unemployment and lower educational backgrounds were significantly correlated with increased caregiver burden. A positive correlation was observed between the severity of the patient's disability and caregiver burden. Caregivers with mental illnesses reported higher levels of burden and depression. Conclusion: The study underscores the multifaceted impact of Multiple Sclerosis on caregivers, highlighting the need for comprehensive care approaches that include psychological support, education, and socio-economic assistance for caregivers. This holistic approach is essential for improving the overall management of Multiple Sclerosis, benefiting both patients and their caregivers.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability and estimated artificial intelligence contribution of online information related to multiple sclerosis treatment.Material and Methods: The first 100 Google search results for "multiple sclerosis treatment" were screened. Video content, PDF documents, and inaccessible websites were excluded from the analysis. A total of 84 eligible web pages were assessed. Each page was categorized by source type (hospital, individual physician, blog, physiotherapy center, or association). Quality was evaluated using the DISCERN and JAMA benchmarks. Estimated artificial intelligence involvement was assessed using Turnitin's AI writing detection tool.Results: Of the analyzed content, 52.4% (n=44) originated from hospital websites, followed by individual physician websites (22.6%, n=19), blogs (14.3%, n=12), physiotherapy centers (6.0%, n=5), and associations (4.8%, n=4). The mean DISCERN score was 3.38 ± 0.72, indicating moderate-to-high reliability, while the mean JAMA score was 2.03 ± 0.85, highlighting limitations in authorship and source transparency. Varying levels of estimated artificial intelligence involvement were identified across the analyzed websites. Notably, individual physician websites demonstrated higher estimated artificial intelligence involvement (61.8%) than hospital websites (49.9%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.039). However, no significant differences were observed among website types regarding DISCERN and JAMA scores (p=0.724, p=0.336).Conclusion: Online information on multiple sclerosis treatment exhibits moderate reliability, with varying levels of estimated artificial intelligence involvement, particularly among individual healthcare providers. These findings underscore the need for standardization and oversight in the production of digital health content.

Background/aim: During multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment different modes of action such as lateral (interferon beta to glatiramer acetate or glatiramer acetate to interferon beta) or vertical (interferon beta/glatiramer acetate to fingolimod) drug switch can be performed. This study aims to investigate the clinical effectiveness of switching from the first-line injectable disease modifying treatments (iDMTs) to fingolimod (FNG) compared to switching between first-line iDMTs. Materials and methods: This is a multicenter, observational and retrospective study of patients with relapsing-remitting MS who had lateral and vertical switch. The observation period included three key assessment time points (before the switch, at switch, and after the switch). Data were collected from the MS patients' database by neurologists between January 2018 and June 2019. The longest follow-up period of the patients was determined as 24 months after the switch. Results: In 462 MS patients that were included in the study, both treatments significantly decreased the number of relapses during the postswitch 12 months versus preswitch one year while patients in the FNG group experienced significantly fewer relapses compared to iDMT cohort in the postswitch 12 months period. FNG cohort experienced fewer relapses than in the iDMT cohort within the postswitch 2 year. The mean time to first relapse after the switch was significantly longer in the FNG group. Conclusion: The present study revealed superior effectiveness of vertical switch over lateral switch regarding the improvement in relapse outcomes. Patients in the FNG cohort experienced sustainably fewer relapses during the follow-up period after the switch compared the iDMT cohort. Importantly, switching to FNG was more effective in delaying time to first relapse when compared with iDMTs.