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Designing solar strategies is a powerful step forward to set up an adequate residential house in terms of energy. Many types of research have simulated the energy needs for residential buildings. Designing an improper installation can contribute to a growth in the overall energy expenditure in ensuring thermal comfort. The use of solar thermal processes in Slovakia is on a rise as compared to recent years. This study models twelve solar water heating systems created on the roof of the household. Solar energy techniques are carried out to comply with the demands of heating and domestic hot water. The analysis deals with the most efficient alternative for the arranged solar systems of the building. Considering these installations and the corresponding overall prices of machinery, the best workable alternative is selected. The potential energy performance of auxiliary heating and the energy output of the solar thermal installation are examined. The required amounts of the different energy contributions are modelled and simulated in specific software for a family house in Kosice, Slovakia. We determine the limits of the design for an apartment and analyse which procedure is used to provide the typical average water expenditure and heating need, covering a multi-criteria analysis considering costs, energy, and life cycle analysis of every installation. This approach can support professionals to decide the best scheme considering these criteria, and this method can be satisfactorily applied. In these conditions, converting a conventional gas boiler into a solar thermal system involves monthly economic savings of around EUR 140–250, with payback periods of 2.5–7 years. The energy requirements are fully covered by the solar thermal schemes and the life cycle assessment resulted in reasonable impacts on the environment.
Jaroslav Košičan; Miguel Pardo Picazo; Silvia Vilčeková; Danica Košičanová. Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Energy Efficiency of a Solar Thermal Installation in a Family House. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2305 .
AMA StyleJaroslav Košičan, Miguel Pardo Picazo, Silvia Vilčeková, Danica Košičanová. Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Energy Efficiency of a Solar Thermal Installation in a Family House. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Košičan; Miguel Pardo Picazo; Silvia Vilčeková; Danica Košičanová. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Energy Efficiency of a Solar Thermal Installation in a Family House." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2305.
Solar energy is one of the most promising green energy sources. On-grid photovoltaic installations supply energy to consumers as a support energy source, but in isolated areas, it comes as the unique source. The decision-maker must dimension the installation, maintaining system performance with reasonable investments. In some scenarios, the utility manager can handle the energy delivered to consumers as every subsystem can be independently connected. A strategy for scheduling the energy consumption to decrease the number of photovoltaic modules required in a standalone system is proposed here. The problem formulation corresponds to generalising a more specific problem before published. We presented a real case study being the groups of hydrants that provide water to crops in a pressurized irrigation system for energy consumption to schedule.
Francisco J. Navarro-Gonzalez; Yolanda Villacampa; Miguel Ángel Pardo Picazo; M. Cortés-Molina. Optimal load scheduling for off-grid photovoltaic installations with fixed energy requirements and intrinsic constraints. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020, 149, 476 -484.
AMA StyleFrancisco J. Navarro-Gonzalez, Yolanda Villacampa, Miguel Ángel Pardo Picazo, M. Cortés-Molina. Optimal load scheduling for off-grid photovoltaic installations with fixed energy requirements and intrinsic constraints. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2020; 149 ():476-484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco J. Navarro-Gonzalez; Yolanda Villacampa; Miguel Ángel Pardo Picazo; M. Cortés-Molina. 2020. "Optimal load scheduling for off-grid photovoltaic installations with fixed energy requirements and intrinsic constraints." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 149, no. : 476-484.
Reclaimed water can be used for non-potable applications to reduce water consumption from freshwater sources. In several regions, the full potential of reusing treated wastewater has not yet been exploited. Establishing a circular economy could promote the acceptance of reclaimed water as an alternative water supply source. This study investigates the feasibility of constructing a treatment plant to supply reclaimed water for non-potable applications using a dual water distribution network, from an engineering cost standpoint.
M.A. Pardo; A. Pérez-Montes; M.J. Moya-Llamas. Using reclaimed water in dual pressurized water distribution networks. Cost analysis. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2020, 40, 101766 .
AMA StyleM.A. Pardo, A. Pérez-Montes, M.J. Moya-Llamas. Using reclaimed water in dual pressurized water distribution networks. Cost analysis. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2020; 40 ():101766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Pardo; A. Pérez-Montes; M.J. Moya-Llamas. 2020. "Using reclaimed water in dual pressurized water distribution networks. Cost analysis." Journal of Water Process Engineering 40, no. : 101766.
The efficient management of water and energy is one challenge for managers of water pressurized systems. In a scheme with high pressure on the environment, solar power appears as an opportunity for nonrenewable energy expenditure reduction and emissions elimination. In Spain, new legislation that eliminates old taxes associated with solar energy production, a drop in the cost of solar photovoltaic modules, and higher values of irradiance has converted solar powered water systems into one of the trendiest topics in the water industry. One alternative to store energy (compulsory in standalone photovoltaic systems) when managing pressurized urban water networks is the use of head tanks (tanks accumulate water during the day and release it at night). This work intends to compare the pressurized network running as a standalone system and a hybrid solution that incorporates solar energy supply and electricity grids. The indicator used for finding the best choice is the net present value for the solar power water system lifespan. This study analyzed the possibility of transferring the energy surplus obtained at midday to the electricity grid, a circumstance introduced in the Spanish legislation since April 2019. We developed a real case study in a small town in the Alicante Province, whose findings provide planning policymakers with very useful information in this case and similar case studies
Miguel Ángel Pardo; Héctor Fernández; Antonio Jodar-Abellan. Converting a Water Pressurized Network in a Small Town into a Solar Power Water System. Energies 2020, 13, 4013 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo, Héctor Fernández, Antonio Jodar-Abellan. Converting a Water Pressurized Network in a Small Town into a Solar Power Water System. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):4013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo; Héctor Fernández; Antonio Jodar-Abellan. 2020. "Converting a Water Pressurized Network in a Small Town into a Solar Power Water System." Energies 13, no. 15: 4013.
Minimizing energy expenditure is one of the main purposes of the managers of pressurized irrigation systems. From the energy consumption standpoint, they can reduce energy consumption by supplying a constant flow into the system (a scheme different from urban water pressurized networks in which water demands depend on users). Managers can keep energy demands (opening and closing valves) while meeting pressure restrictions. We developed a computer application in MATLAB containing a genetic algorithm to find the best moment to open and to close valves to minimize an objective function which measures the differences between the objective and the real injected flows. We tested this program in the pressurized irrigation network of the San Vicente Campus, University of Alicante (Southeast Spain) and we calculated the water and energy balance (from the later and present irrigation network) and the carbon credits not emitted to the atmosphere.
Miguel Ángel Pardo; Adrián J. Riquelme; Antonio Jodar-Abellan; Joaquín Melgarejo. Water and Energy Demand Management in Pressurized Irrigation Networks. Water 2020, 12, 1878 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo, Adrián J. Riquelme, Antonio Jodar-Abellan, Joaquín Melgarejo. Water and Energy Demand Management in Pressurized Irrigation Networks. Water. 2020; 12 (7):1878.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo; Adrián J. Riquelme; Antonio Jodar-Abellan; Joaquín Melgarejo. 2020. "Water and Energy Demand Management in Pressurized Irrigation Networks." Water 12, no. 7: 1878.
Solar thermal power is nowadays one of the trendiest topics in the construction industry, and it represents a valuable energy source of heating that reduces energy consumption. As solar panels produce heating during the day and consumers demand calefaction during the whole day, we use standby tanks (for domestic hot water) and buffer tanks (for heating) for storage. The latest developments improved the efficiency and useful life while reducing the volume of tanks. So, the presented research work deals with analyzing the solar thermal power in a family house. This work presents a method to create a decision support system to compare solar energy systems in houses from economical, technical, availability, and environmental concerns. The weights of the criteria selected considering the analytical hierarchy process are computed. Parameters required for energy production calculations (location, temperature, etc.) and energy consumption (inhabitants, outdoor temperature, etc.) are summarized. It can be stated that a universal best solar thermal scheme does not exist, as energy consumption depends on the other features and limits as well as energy production, geographical latitude of the location, and so forth. According to results, Case 3 (a gas boiler and a combination tank) is the best alternative for reducing the energy required, CO2 emitted, the best energy efficiency of the installation, and the lowest transmission losses. In other scenarios when the economic criteria are not so relevant, this should be the best case in the prioritization scheme.
Jaroslav Košičan; Miguel Ángel Pardo; Silvia Vilčeková. A Multicriteria Methodology to Select the Best Installation of Solar Thermal Power in a Family House. Energies 2020, 13, 1047 .
AMA StyleJaroslav Košičan, Miguel Ángel Pardo, Silvia Vilčeková. A Multicriteria Methodology to Select the Best Installation of Solar Thermal Power in a Family House. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaroslav Košičan; Miguel Ángel Pardo; Silvia Vilčeková. 2020. "A Multicriteria Methodology to Select the Best Installation of Solar Thermal Power in a Family House." Energies 13, no. 5: 1047.
Photovoltaic energy production is nowadays one of the hottest topics in the water industry as this green energy source is becoming more and more workable in countries like Spain, with high values of irradiance. In water pressurized systems supplying urban areas, they distribute energy consumption in pumps throughout the day, and it is not possible to supply electromechanical devices without energy storages such as batteries. Additionally, it is not possible to manage energy demand for water consumption. Researchers and practitioners have proven batteries to be reliable energy storage systems, and are undertaking many efforts to increase their performance, capacity, and useful life. Water pressurized networks incorporate tanks as devices used for accumulating water during low consumption hours while releasing it in peak hours. The compensation tanks work here as a mass and energy source in water pressurized networks supplied with photovoltaic arrays (not electricity grids). This work intends to compare which of these two energy storage systems are better and how to choose between them considering that these two systems involve running the network as a standalone pumping system without being connected to electricity grids. This work also calculates the intermediate results, considering both photovoltaic arrays and electricity grids for supplying electricity to pumping systems. We then analyzed these three cases in a synthetic network (used in earlier research) considering the effect of irradiation and water consumption, as we did not state which should be the most unfavorable month given that higher irradiance coincides with higher water consumption (i.e., during summer). Results show that there is no universal solution as energy consumption depends on the network features and that energy production depends very much on latitude. We based the portfolio of alternatives on investments for purchasing different equipment at present (batteries, pipelines, etc.) based on economic criteria so that the payback period is the indicator used for finding the best alternative, which is the one with the lowest value.
Miguel Ángel Pardo; Ricardo Cobacho; Luis Bañón. Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries. Sustainability 2020, 12, 738 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo, Ricardo Cobacho, Luis Bañón. Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo; Ricardo Cobacho; Luis Bañón. 2020. "Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 738.
Solar photovoltaic systems have become one of the most popular topics in the water management industry. Moreover, irrigation networks are water- and energy-hungry, and utility managers are likely to adapt water consumption (and consequently energy demand) to the hours in which there is energy availability. In countries such as Spain (with high irradiance values), solar energy is an available green alternative characterised by zero electricity costs and significantly lower environmental impact. In this work, several types of irrigation scheduled programmes (according to different irrigation sectors) that minimise the number of photovoltaic solar panels to be installed are studied; moreover, the effects of the variable costs linked to energy (energy and emissions costs) are presented. Finally, the effect of incorporating batteries for storing energy to protect the system against emergencies, such as unfavourable weather, is proposed. The irrigation hours available to satisfy water demands are limited by sunlight; they are also limited by the condition that the irrigation schedule type has to be rigid (predetermined rotation) and that the pressure at any node has to be above minimum pressure required by standards. A real case study is performed, and the results obtained demonstrate that there is no universal solution; this is because the portfolio of alternatives is based on investments for purchasing equipment at present and also on future energy savings (revenues). Apart from these two values, there is an economic value (equivalent discontinuous discount rate), which also influences the final results.
Miguel Ángel Pardo; J. Manzano; Javier Valdes-Abellan; R. Cobacho. Standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system or energy storage in batteries for supplying irrigation networks. Cost analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 673, 821 -830.
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo, J. Manzano, Javier Valdes-Abellan, R. Cobacho. Standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system or energy storage in batteries for supplying irrigation networks. Cost analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 673 ():821-830.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo; J. Manzano; Javier Valdes-Abellan; R. Cobacho. 2019. "Standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system or energy storage in batteries for supplying irrigation networks. Cost analysis." Science of The Total Environment 673, no. : 821-830.
A matlab‐based educational software (UAleaks) has been developed to consider the effect of water losses when solving the hydraulic problem in water pressurized networks. The results obtained are the new leaky network model and the water and energy audits calculation. This software can be used by students and practitioners.
Miguel Pardo; Adrian Riquelme. A software for considering leakage in water pressurized networks. Computer Applications in Engineering Education 2019, 27, 708 -720.
AMA StyleMiguel Pardo, Adrian Riquelme. A software for considering leakage in water pressurized networks. Computer Applications in Engineering Education. 2019; 27 (3):708-720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Pardo; Adrian Riquelme. 2019. "A software for considering leakage in water pressurized networks." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 27, no. 3: 708-720.
Due to the fact that irrigation networks are water and energy hungry and that both resources are scarce, many strategies have been developed to reduce this consumption. Solar energy sources have emerged as a green alternative with lower energy costs and, consequently, lower environmental impacts. In this work, a new methodology is proposed to select a scheduled program for irrigation which minimizes the number of photovoltaic solar panels to be installed and which better fits energy consumption (calculated for discrete potential combinations, assisted by programming software) to available energy obtained by panels without any power conditioning unit. Thus, the irrigation hours available to satisfy the water demands are limited by sunlight, the schedule type of irrigation has to be rigid (rotation predetermined), and the pressure at any node has to be above the minimum pressure required by standards. A case study was undertaken and, after running the software 105 times, the best result was an irrigation schedule which satisfied all the requirements, involving the installation of 651 solar panels and energy consumption of 428.74 kWh per day, to deliver water to orchards of different varieties of citrus fruit spread over 167.7 ha.
Miguel Ángel Pardo Picazo; Juan Manzano Juárez; Diego García-Márquez. Energy Consumption Optimization in Irrigation Networks Supplied by a Standalone Direct Pumping Photovoltaic System. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4203 .
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo Picazo, Juan Manzano Juárez, Diego García-Márquez. Energy Consumption Optimization in Irrigation Networks Supplied by a Standalone Direct Pumping Photovoltaic System. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Pardo Picazo; Juan Manzano Juárez; Diego García-Márquez. 2018. "Energy Consumption Optimization in Irrigation Networks Supplied by a Standalone Direct Pumping Photovoltaic System." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4203.