Lumbar degenerative disease is a common problem in an aging society. Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) is a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) technique that utilizes a retroperitoneal antepsoas corridor to treat lumbar degenerative disease. OLIF has theoretical advantages over other lumbar fusion techniques, such as a lower risk of lumbar plexus injury than direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF). Previous studies have reported favorable clinical and radiological outcomes of OLIF in various lumbar degenerative diseases. The use of OLIF is increasing, and evidence on OLIF is growing in the literature. The indications for OLIF are also expanding with the help of recent technical developments, including stereotactic navigation systems and robotics. In this review, we present current evidence on OLIF for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease, focusing on the expansion of surgical indications and recent advancements in the OLIF procedure.

Spinal metastasis is a common issue causing significant pain and disability in cancer patients. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical treatment is used for treating patients with metastatic spinal tumors. Due to recent advancements in medical and radiation oncology, like tumor genetics and stereotactic radiotherapy, this treatment strategy would change inevitably. Therefore, the decision-making systems developed for assisting physicians and surgeons to choose the most appropriate treatment for each patient with spinal metastasis need to evolve. In this review, the recent developments, validations, and modifications of these systems, as well as suggestions for future systems have been discussed. Recently, separation surgery combined with stereotactic radiotherapy (hybrid therapy) has gained popularity. Additionally, the evidence for hybrid therapy presented in the literature has been reviewed.

A cross-sectional study. To determine the "normal" radiographic parameters of the sagittal profile of the spine in asymptomatic children. There was consensus that cervical kyphosis is pathologic, but we suspected that the cervical kyphosis or loss of cervical lordosis is abnormal in asymptomatic children and adolescents. And we measured the pediatric sagittal profiles including the cervical lordosis for asymptomatic subjects. Analysis of 181 children without spinal pathology was performed. Radiographic measurements consisted of the following: cervical lordosis; thoracic kyphosis; thoracolumbar sagittal angle; thoracic apex; lumbar apex; lumbar lordosis; sacral inclination; sacral slope; pelvic tilt; and sagittal vertebral axis. The mean cervical lordosis was -4.8 ± 12.0 degrees (negative = lordotic), sagittal vertebral axis -2.1 ± 2.4 cm, thoracic kyphosis +33.2 ± 9.0 degrees, thoracolumbar sagittal angle 5.6 ± 8.4 degrees, lumbar lordosis -48.8 ± 9.0 degrees, sacral inclination 43.9 ± 7.6 degrees, sacral slope 34.9 ± 6.6 degrees, and pelvic tilt 9.4 ± 6.1 degrees. One hundred nine (60.2%) patients had hypolordotic cervical spine (≥ -5 degrees). Cervical kyphosis was present in 80 (44.2%) patients. There is significant variability in sagittal profile of the cervical spine in asymptomatic children. Cervical kyphosis was found in approximately 40% of our study cohort.