In 2017, Europe implemented a ban on amalgam restorations for children aged <15 years and for pregnant/breastfeeding women, highlighting the need for alternative filling materials exhibiting less surface roughness and enhanced longevity. This in vitro study aimed to examine the surface roughness variations of five amalgam-replacement materials across three time points and using six finishing methods: (1) no finishing (control), (2) Arkansas burs, (3) diamond burs, (4) tungsten carbide burs, (5) SofLex discs in descending grit size, and (6) coarse SofLex discs combined with silicone polishing. We prepared 960 samples. Each material group, i.e., Cention Forte (CNF), DeltaFil (DLF), Ketac Universal (KTU), IonoStar Molar (ISM), and Equia Forte HT (EQF), comprised 60 samples (n = 10 per finishing method) created using standardized 3D-printed metal molds. Surface roughness (Sa) was measured immediately after finishing, after 30 days of storage in distilled water, and after thermocycling (5000 cycles) using a non-contact profilometer. The results indicate that conventional and hybrid glass-ionomer cements have smoother surfaces than high-viscosity GICs. The DLF and CNF groups exhibited stable outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate finishing methods based on the restorative material to minimize surface roughness.

Two-piece zirconia implants have recently been introduced as an alternative to two-piece titanium implants. This study evaluated the influence of artificial ageing on the incidence of prosthetic complications of CAD/CAM-fabricated anterior monolithic lithium disilicate crowns bonded to two-piece screw-retained zirconia implants with different cements. Twenty lithium disilicate

Single-piece zirconia implants are a recently introduced alternative to widely used titanium implants. However, scientific data concerning long-time stability are scarce. This study evaluated the effect of artificial aging on CAD/CAM fabricated monolithic lithium-disilicate crowns bonded to one-piece zirconia implants (whiteSKY, bredent). The total amount of twenty samples was