Adequately, as far as the global system is concerned with the variation in the climatic condition, the frequency of disaster is rising, resulting in various damages to the power grid. To cope with the power network problems due to disasters such as grid outages, frequency, and voltage deviation, the network should be incorporated with numerous distributed generations such as solar and wind. During the disaster condition, these distributed fossil generations form Microgrids (MGs) by disconnecting itself from the grid and maintain power flow to the local region. Besides, the negative impacts on the environment, such as carbon emission has reduced by using Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Apart from reducing carbon emission (as in the case of fossil fuel generation plants), RES based microgrid also useful for the resilient distribution system. However, high penetration of distributed generation, for a resilient system that can survive at least its critical loads during extreme disaster conditions, requires robust architecture and communication between the devices of a microgrid. This paper presents the latest review of the various classification of microgrid architecture along with the technical characteristics of energy storage devices, various communication channels and discover the gaps to form a bridge between microgrid in normal and abnormal (during a climatic disaster) conditions. In addition, alteration in control techniques for Alternative Current and Direct Current microgrid for robust MGs is presented systematically. Furthermore, the latest developments with sectionalizer placement to provide the steps to achieve near-real-time data and necessary actions required to take during or before the actual disaster are also presented in a systematic manner.

As the world paces towards environmental sustainability, the rapid adoption of electric vehicles, particularly in developing countries such as India, stands as a pillar of progress but also introduces complex challenges for the power distribution grid. This paper critically examines these challenges, focusing on demand-side management (DSM) load modelling as a strategic approach to accommodate the fluctuating demands of EV charging. It investigates the utilisation of advanced optimisation algorithms that promise to enhance grid stability by efficiently managing the additional load imposed by EVs. The narrative further explores the development of smart grid technologies, essential for the seamless EV integration into the power system. The paper also discussed the indispensable role of renewable energy sources in meeting the increased electricity demands, advocating for a symbiotic relationship between green transportation and sustainable energy generation. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper aims to provide policymakers, energy sector professionals, and researchers with insightful strategies to navigate the complexities of EV integration. It underscores the importance of innovative solutions in building a resilient, efficient, and sustainable energy ecosystem that supports India’s ambitious EV adoption goals. This paper also suggests a methodology for stochastic modelling of EV charging load and its challenges related to their impact on the power distribution grid, focusing on DSM and grid integration strategies. This holistic approach addresses the immediate technical and infrastructural challenges and aligns with the long-term vision of achieving energy security and environmental sustainability.