The appearance of generative adversarial networks (GAN) provides a new approach and framework for computer vision. Compared with traditional machine learning algorithms, GAN works via adversarial training concept and is more powerful in both feature learning and representation. GAN also exhibits some problems, such as non-convergence, model collapse, and uncontrollability due to high degree of freedom. How to improve the theory of GAN and apply it to computer-vision-related tasks have now attracted much research efforts. In this paper, recently proposed GAN models and their applications in computer vision are systematically reviewed. In particular, we firstly survey the history and development of generative algorithms, the mechanism of GAN, its fundamental network structures, and theoretical analysis of the original GAN. Classical GAN algorithms are then compared comprehensively in terms of the mechanism, visual results of generated samples, and Frechet Inception Distance. These networks are further evaluated from network construction, performance, and applicability aspects by extensive experiments conducted over public datasets. After that, several typical applications of GAN in computer vision, including high-quality samples generation, style transfer, and image translation, are examined. Finally, some existing problems of GAN are summarized and discussed and potential future research topics are forecasted.

Wafer surface defect detection plays an important role in controlling product quality in semiconductor manufacturing, which has become a research hotspot in computer vision. However, the induction and summary of wafer defect detection methods in the existing review literature are not thorough enough and lack an objective analysis and evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques, which is not conducive to the development of this research field. This paper systematically analyzes the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of wafer surface defect detection in recent years. Firstly, we introduce the classification of wafer surface defect patterns and their causes. According to the different methods of feature extraction, the current mainstream methods are divided into three categories: the methods based on image signal processing, the methods based on machine learning, and the methods based on deep learning. Moreover, the core ideas of representative algorithms are briefly introduced. Then, the innovations of each method are compared and analyzed, and their limitations are discussed. Finally, we summarize the problems and challenges in the current wafer surface defect detection task, the future research trends in this field, and the new research ideas.

Due to the complexity of myocardial infarction (MI) waveform, most traditional automatic diagnosis models rarely detect it, while those able to detect MI often require high computing and storage capacity, rendering them unsuitable for portable devices. Therefore, in order for convenient real-time MI detection, it is essential to design lightweight models suitable for resource-limited portable devices. This paper proposes a novel multi-channel lightweight model (ML-Net), that provides a new solution for portable detection devices with limited resources. In ML-Net, each electrocardiogram (ECG) lead is assigned an independent channel, ensuring data independence and preserve the ECG characteristics of different angles represented by different leads. Moreover, convolution kernels of heterogeneous sizes are utilized to achieve accurate classification with only a small amount of lead data. Extensive experiments over actual ECG data from the PTB diagnostic database are conducted to evaluate ML-Net. The results show that ML-Net outperforms comparable schemes in diagnosing MI, and it requires lower computational cost and less memory, so that portable devices can be more widely used in the field of Internet of Medical Things(IoMT).

Information sharing among vehicles plays a critical role in improving driving safety and traffic loads in Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, due to the existence of malicious vehicles, information sharing among vehicles lacks a trustworthy environment. It is challenging for a vehicle to assess the credibility of the received information. Blockchain has attracted extensive attention because of the decentralization and tamper-proof characteristics. Nevertheless, the high mobility of vehicles leads to rapid network topology changes, which makes it difficult to reach a consensus. In this paper, we propose a consortium blockchain based trust-value management approach to build a trustworthy environment for information sharing among vehicles. A new incentive mechanism is designed to encourage vehicles to actively participate in blockchain maintenance. Furthermore, an enhanced proof of work (EPoW) consensus algorithm is designed to reduce the amount of information that needs to be transmitted over the network to reach consensus quickly. Comprehensive analysis and simulation results verify that the proposed trust-value management approach and EPoW consensus algorithm realize secure and efficient information sharing in IoV.

By running applications and services closer to the user, edge processing provides many advantages, such as short response time and reduced network traffic. Deep-learning based algorithms provide significantly better performances than traditional algorithms in many fields but demand more resources, such as higher computational power and more memory. Hence, designing deep learning algorithms that are more suitable for resource-constrained mobile devices is vital. In this paper, we build a lightweight neural network, termed LiteNet which uses a deep learning algorithm design to diagnose arrhythmias, as an example to show how we design deep learning schemes for resource-constrained mobile devices. Compare to other deep learning models with an equivalent accuracy, LiteNet has several advantages. It requires less memory, incurs lower computational cost, and is more feasible for deployment on resource-constrained mobile devices. It can be trained faster than other neural network algorithms and requires less communication across different processing units during distributed training. It uses filters of heterogeneous size in a convolutional layer, which contributes to the generation of various feature maps. The algorithm was tested using the MIT-BIH electrocardiogram (ECG) arrhythmia database; the results showed that LiteNet outperforms comparable schemes in diagnosing arrhythmias, and in its feasibility for use at the mobile devices.

Body movement is one of the most important indicators of sleep quality for elderly people living alone. Body movement is crucial for sleep staging and can be combined with other indicators such as breathing and heart rate to monitor sleep quality. Nevertheless, traditional sleep monitoring methods are inconvenient and may invade users’ privacy. To solve these problems, we propose contactless Body Movement Recognition (CBMR) method via WiFi signals. Firstly, CBMR uses commercial off-the-shelf WiFi devices to collect Channel State Information (CSI) data of body movement and segment the CSI data by sliding window. Then, the context information of the segmented CSI data is learned by a Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network (Bi-RNN). Bi-RNN can fuse the forward and backward propogation information at some point, and input it into a deeper Independently Recurrent Neural Network (IndRNN) with residual mechanism to extract the deeper features and capture the time dependencies of CSI data. Finally, the type of body movement can be recognized and classified by the softmax function. CBMR can effectively reduce data preprocessing and the delay caused by manually extracting features. The results of an experiment conducted on a complex body movement dataset show that our method gives desirable performance and achieves average accuracy of greater than 93.5%, which implies a prospect application of CBMR.