The Corona virus-19 pandemic has forced universities globally to shut down and shift their educational and assessment activities to online platforms. This study explores the perception of undergraduate preclinical medical students about online assessment during the ongoing pandemic. A cross-sectional study based on a semi-structured online self-administered questionnaire was conducted on 654 preclinical medical students following the final online exams at Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University. Perception was investigated using a 3-point Likert scale. The overall mean score of students’ satisfaction with the quality of online assessment was (31.7 ± 3.1), and they agreed that online exams create a sense of security. However, 69.7% of students preferred paper-based exams to online exams. Furthermore, high cost, lack of ability to concentrate and only knowledge-based exams were some of the reported drawbacks. These findings highlight the importance of students’ perception through online assessment for promoting successful educational processes.

Background: Monitoring and evaluation of adverse effects of food additives as extensively used compounds is of crucial value to lower the expected harmful effects on human health. Tartrazine is a synthetic food dye that is very popular in Egypt. Objective: to investigate tartrazine toxicity and the potential of vitamin E to alleviate tartrazine hepato-renal and cardiovascular toxicity in experimental rats. Methodology: 24 adult male albino Wistar rats were included in the study. Tartrazine (300 mg/kg/day orally) was used alone and along with vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day orally) for 30 days. Body and organ weights, arterial blood pressure and ECG were recorded then the rats were sacrificed, and blood was drawn and tested for a variety of serological indicators. including kidney functions (creatinine, urea and uric acid) liver functions (AST&ALT) and lipid peroxidation indicator (MDA). In addition, histopathological analysis was done for liver and kidney tissues. Results: throughout the experiment, no mortality or behavioral changes were observed, vitamin E used in the current study mostly reversed tartrazine's harmful effects in rats. Vitamin E decreased creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels by 23%, 33% and 13% respectively. In addition, ALT, AST, and MDA levels were improved by 17%, 40% and 42% respectively. Significant reduction in arterial blood pressure and improvement in ECG changes also was observed after vitamin E treatment. Conclusion: Vitamin E has a potential protective effect as an antioxidant in ameliorating the toxic effects caused by tartrazine.

Background: Medical malpractice presents a significant challenge to the healthcare system in Egypt and other countries, inflicting both physical and psychological harm on patients. Furthermore, it imposes a financial burden on both patients and physicians. This study aimed to analyze the medicolegal aspects of malpractice claims associated with aesthetic interventions. The study also aims to establish explicit criteria for identifying and differentiating positive cases from negative ones. This study is a retrospective descriptive observational analysis of medical malpractice claims related to aesthetic interventions. The data was obtained from the records of the Cairo Medicolegal Area between 2016 and 2020, encompassing a total of 98 cases in the study. Results: The majority of cases were females (89.8%). The age group most significantly affected was between 26 to 35 years old. Plastic surgery accounted for the highest percentage (51%) of alleged cases among medical specialties. Consultants were the most frequently accused physicians (32.7%). Liposuction was the most frequent procedure (31.6%). Most of the malpractices occurred in private hospitals (45.9%). The outcome indicated that permanent infirmity accounted for 10.2%, while mortality constituted 3.1%. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that women constitute the predominant demographic in the examined malpractice cases, with plastic surgery being the most common area for alleged claims. The main complaints include disfigurement, dissatisfaction with results, and burn injuries. Aesthetic malpractice is more frequent in private hospitals than in general hospitals, frequently necessitating further treatment due to complications.

Background and objective: Child mortality rate is an important health index affected by many socioeconomic factors and reflects countries development and status. Autopsy in cases of children death is beneficial for Forensic medicine and medical research purposes. Children autopsy is conducted in the case of unnatural children deaths especially in the age group under 19 years of age. Similar to adults, trauma is the major cause of death in children, however it is important to identify other causes and age distribution of deaths. A study done in Pakistan showed that road traffic accident, poisoning and drowning accounted for 67% and 18% of children deaths respectively. The aim of this study was to describe frequency and pattern of unnatural deaths during childhood and adolescence in Great Cairo during a period of one year. Materials and methods : In one year period ( from 1 January 2016 till 30 December 2016 ) , all medico-legal childhood deaths aged 0–20 years were investigated under the auspices of Forensic Medicine authority , and were retrospectively reviewed (n = 182). This number of cases represents 11.7% of the 1562 forensic autopsies performed during one year. Age, gender, cause and manner of death, autopsy findings, type of abuse and laboratory investigations were analyzed. Results: From this study we concluded that the total number of child deaths during one year period in the Great Cairo was around 182 cases. More than 50% of cases were males in the 2nd decade, the perpetrator was not related to the victim in more than 70% of incidents, 70% of cases showed physical abuse. Male children deaths were mainly of homicidal or accidental nature, while females were of suicidal nature. Weapons related deaths in males were mainly blunt, sharp or firearm, while in females it was either poison or burn. 50% of cases with +ve toxicologic lab findings showed elevated Co levels followed by drugs of abuse. Conclusion: Urgent attention is required to be taken towards the problem of injury and violence against children and adolescents occurring through the world.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become an increasingly valuable biologic approach for personalized regenerative medicine because of its potent anti-inflammatory/healing effects. It is thought to be an excellent source of growth factors that can promote tissue healing and lessen fibrosis. Although this treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in numerous disease areas, its impact on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) caused by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via its antiapoptotic effects remains to be explored. AgNPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000. AgNP characterization was carried out via UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging to reveal monodispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 45.17 nm. A total of 48 male Wistar rats divided into six groups, with 8 rats per group, were used in the current study on the basis of sample size and power. The groups used were the PRP donor, control, AgNP, AgNP + PRP, AgNP + dexamethasone (Dexa) rat groups, and a recovery group. Body weights, hydroxyproline (HP) levels, and CASP3 and TWIST1 gene expression levels were assessed. H&E and Sirius Red staining were performed. Immunohistochemical studies for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) with histomorphometry were conducted. A significant reduction in body weight (BWt) was noted in the AgNP group compared with the AgNP + PRP group (p < 0.001). HP, CASP3, and TWIST1 expression levels were significantly increased by AgNPs but decreased upon PRP (p < 0.001) treatment. Compared with those in the control group, the adverse effects of AgNPs included PF, lung alveolar collapse, thickening of the interalveolar septa, widespread lymphocytic infiltration, increased alveolar macrophage CD68 expression, and iNOS positivity in the cells lining the alveoli. This work revealed that PRP treatment markedly improved the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings observed in the AgNP group in a manner comparable to that of the Dexa. In conclusion, these results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of PRP in a PF rat model induced via AgNPs. This study revealed that PRP treatment significantly improved the histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations observed in the AgNP-induced group, with effects comparable to those of the Dexa. In conclusion, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PRP in a rat model of AgNP-induced PF.

A precise estimate of the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the primary tasks in forensic pathology. After death, it cannot be assumed that oxidant/antioxidant balance be adequately controlled by the body, so changes in oxidant/ antioxidant parameters are evaluated as biochemical disturbances. Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate whether the changes in some oxidant and antioxidant parameters can be relied upon in estimating the early PMI (the first 8 hours after death) in rat brain and liver. Methodology: Forty rats were divided into eight groups (five rats each). Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after being anaesthetized by ether inhalation. The head and the abdomen were opened, where both brain and liver were extracted at intervals of one hour (0–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–5, 5–6, 6–7 and 7–8 hours intervals). In brain and liver homogenates, the following parameters were measured; the antioxidant parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Glutathione Reduced (GSH) and catalase (CAT), and the oxidant parameters: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). These parameters were compared between groups depending on time after death. Results: The results indicated that the oxidative damage started earlier in the brain than in the liver and the antioxidants were affected more early in the brain than in the liver to overcome the oxidant damage occurred. There was a statistical significant negative (inverse) correlation between the time after death (P.M. interval) and all analyzed antioxidants (SOD, GST, RGSH and CAT) in the brain, while in the liver, the correlation was between the time after death (P.M. interval) and one of antioxidant parameters (GST). On the other hand, there was a statistical significant positive (direct) correlation between the time after death (P.M. interval) and all analyzed oxidants (MDA and NO) in both brain and liver. Regression analysis was developed in order to determine the equations for P.M. interval estimation using these parameters individually and in combination which selected by the multiple regression analysis of the statistical program. Conclusion: This study concluded that the oxidants and antioxidants in brain and liver of rats are important in determining the early period (the first 8 hours) after death. The liver was found to be more resistible to oxidative damage than the brain. Using these biochemical markers, it is possible to estimate the early postmortem interval.