Using the ARDL test and Granger approaches, this paper investigates long-term co-integration and causal relationships among nuclear, renewables, GDP and CO2 emissions in China, US, France and Japan. The findings reveal that the long-term coefficient of nuclear energy is smaller than renewable energy, indicating a relative advantage of nuclear power. However, the emission reduction effect of nuclear and renewables in China was not as much as compared to other nations. Moreover, causality from economic growth to nuclear or renewable energy existed in all countries, whereas no causality from nuclear energy to economic growth existed except in Japan. Therefore, giving priority to energy conservation and energy mix optimization is not likely to hurdle economic growth in China. However, greenness of the overall energy production process, augmentation of energy efficiency, technological progress in energy storage and internet, sustainable development of resource-society, and nuclear safety issues should be given priority in order to contribute to low-carbon growth in China.

This study presents an empirical study to examine the performance and the determinants of technology outsourcing service in manufacturing firms in the Northeastern China. Using data collected in 94 large or medium-sized firms, we find that there existed a deep gap between the providers and the users of technology outsourcing services. The analysis also says that three factors which influence the outsourcing performance most in the process of innovation should be paid more attention to