The elite germplasm resources are key to the beautiful appearance and pleasant flavor of Biluochun tea. We collected and measured the agronomic traits of 95 tea plants to reveal the trait diversity and breeding value of Biluochun tea plant populations. The results revealed that the agronomic traits of Biluochun tea plant populations were diverse and had high breeding value. Additionally, we resequenced these tea plant populations to reveal genetic diversity, population structure, and selection pressure. The Biluochun tea plant populations contained two groups and were least affected by natural selection based on the results of population structure and selection pressure. More importantly, four non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and candidate genes associated with (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), and caffeine (CAF) were detected using at least two GWAS models. The results will promote the development and application of molecular markers and the utilization of elite germplasm from Biluochun populations.

In the context of global sustainable development, low-temperature stress is a serious impediment to sustainable agricultural production. Low-temperature stress significantly affects plant growth and development, and Jasmonates (JAs), critical endogenous plant hormones, play a crucial role in cold stress response in plants. Although studies have demonstrated the involvement of JAs in plant adaptation to cold stress, the systematic understanding of its mechanism of action and application effects still needs to be improved. This review used systematic evaluation and meta-analysis to comprehensively review the role of JAs in plant response to cold stress over the past five years. It was found that JA treatment significantly increased plant survival and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity while inhibiting primary root growth, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and catalase (CAT) activity. In particular, JA treatment significantly reduced MDA content when plants were in a solid medium, indicating its role in regulating oxidative stress in plants. In conclusion, this review provides new perspectives for understanding the role of JAs in plant cold stress acclimation and provides a scientific basis for applying JAs in agricultural production.