Today, seawater and brackish water desalination is a subject of concern of many researchers all over the world. The recourse to the desalination by distillation using solar energy represents an appreciable element of the water resource and constitutes a realizable, simple, profitable, operational solution technically. The present study, which is essentially experimental, is interested in the effect of the internal parameters on a double slope plane solar still. In this work, the solar still was conceived and realized by our team of research. The experiments were carried out at different conditions. The variation of the different operating parameters of the solar still has been studied. It is found that the distillate production rate increases when the difference between the temperature of water and glass decreases. Distillated water was also, influenced by the presence of wind and the climatic changes which decrease the amount of diffuse solar energy received by the brackish water. The average yield of distilled water was 4 L/m2 /day

This study aims to develop efficient desalination equipment that increases the distilled water production rate and enhances heat transfer in the evaporator. It focuses on the impact of equipment geometry and energy storage during the daytime and nocturnal period. In addition, the effects of the energy storage system, which is placed in two specific areas on the yield of the distillation process with and without energy storage, have been studied. The heat exchanger system provides the energy to the water to be treated in the daytime, while the concrete part provides the energy storage in the desalination evaporator at night time. The experimental test results showed that the increase of distilled water through the heating system is very important in comparison to the productivity of the conventional solar still. The obtained results indicate that the use of energy storage increases productivity by 50% in the nocturnal period. Indeed, the daily productivity of the concrete solar still, strongly affected by the heat transfer produced via concrete to the water evaporator, is presented in this study. It was found that the average daily distillate output of concrete solar still with energy storage is more significant than that of a solar still without energy storage.

Algeria is located in a semi-arid region, suffering now more than ever from the problem of inadequate water resources. It is also characterized by irregular rainfall. Membrane sea water desalination technology has known in recent years remarkable progress. Reverse osmosis is the most widespread process to increase fresh water production for domestic, agriculture and industrial uses. Currently, renewable energies can provide a sustainable and alternative solution for generating reverse osmosis systems operating at high pressure. The production of fresh and potable water by solar water desalination remains a sustainable strategy and economic option to fill the water deficit in areas that do not have access to safe drinking water and electricity. For this, this principle is developed industrially for the desalination of the sea waters and the purification of the water. The main objective of the present work is the study of a small capacity (100 I/h) reverse osmosis plan intended for desalination and water treatment operation. We have especially worked on the effect of pressure and salinity on the production and quality of the water produced. The performed work is purely experimental and is part within the framework of improving the profitability of an RO device. Initiation of coupling of the reverse osmosis pilot to solar energy in order to reduce energy consumption (4 KW/ 1m3) is being investigated. During this period of experimentation a physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of the water before and after treatment were carried out.

Wastewater from soap production often contains high levels of organic pollutants, exceeding regulatory discharge limits and posing significant environmental concerns. This study investigates a two-stage treatment approach integrating ferric chloride (FeCl₃)-based coagulation–flocculation with membrane filtration to enhance wastewater purification efficiency. This method is one of the appropriate treatment techniques to reduce water pollution. Thus, numerous Jar test trials have been carried out in order to determine the optimal conditions and parameters that make it possible to reduce suspended solids. Key water quality parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and turbidity, were monitored to assess process performance. Optimization experiments identified optimal coagulation–flocculation conditions, achieving a substantial COD reduction from 9200 mg/L to 351 mg/L significantly improving water quality. However, the treated effluent still failed to meet reuse standards, necessitating further purification. A subsequent membrane filtration stage was implemented, achieving a significant decrease in turbidity to 0.85 Ntu and a turbidity removal efficiency of 99.97%, indicating high treatment efficiency. The final COD of the collected water was 58 mg/L, well below regulatory limits. This hybrid treatment approach offers a highly effective and sustainable solution for soap wastewater management, supporting environmental protection and resource recovery.