Background/Objectives: Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychopathological conditions involving dysfunctional eating behaviors, excessive body image concerns, and impaired emotional regulation. Among moral emotions, guilt plays a significant role in ED dynamics, influencing both symptomatology and interpersonal relationships. This study examines specific guilt subtypes (normative and altruistic guilt) using a specific psychometric tool. Methods: Forty-three adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge eating disorder (BED) were recruited from the Eating Disorder Center of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” or referred by psychotherapists. Diagnoses followed DSM-5 criteria. Participants completed the Moral Orientation Guilt Scale (MOGS), assessing guilt subtypes, and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), measuring ED symptomatology. Spearman’s rank correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to identify relationships between guilt dimensions and ED-related symptoms. Results: MOGS subscales were positively correlated with ED symptomatology. Normative guilt was significantly associated with binging and purging (ρ = 0.26, p < 0.05), while altruistic guilt predicted higher interpersonal distrust (t = 3.4, p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that age negatively influenced interpersonal distrust (t = −2.9, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In the population examined, guilt significantly influences ED symptomatology and interpersonal functioning, with specific dimensions linked to distinct behaviors and traits. Therapeutic interventions targeting guilt may enhance treatment outcomes by addressing ED emotional underpinnings. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and lack of longitudinal data to establish causality. Further research with larger samples and longitudinal designs is necessary to validate these findings.

Schizophrenia, a highly complex psychiatric disorder, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its multifaceted neurobiological underpinnings. Recent advancements in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the understanding and management of this condition. This manuscript explores how the integration of these technologies has unveiled key insights into schizophrenia’s structural and functional neural anomalies. fMRI research highlights disruptions in crucial brain regions like the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, alongside impaired connectivity within networks such as the default mode network (DMN). These alterations correlate with the cognitive deficits and emotional dysregulation characteristic of schizophrenia. AI techniques, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have enhanced the detection and analysis of these complex patterns, surpassing traditional methods in precision. Algorithms such as support vector machines (SVMs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) have proven particularly effective in identifying biomarkers and aiding early diagnosis. Despite these advancements, challenges such as variability in methodologies and the disorder’s heterogeneity persist, necessitating large-scale, collaborative studies for clinical translation. Moreover, ethical considerations surrounding data integrity, algorithmic transparency, and patient individuality must guide AI’s integration into psychiatry. Looking ahead, AI-augmented fMRI holds promise for tailoring personalized interventions, addressing unique neural dysfunctions, and improving therapeutic outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia. This convergence of neuroimaging and computational innovation heralds a transformative era in precision psychiatry.

Background and Objectives: Moral emotions are increasingly implicated in the maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), yet guilt is less differentiated than shame in the ED literature. Contemporary cognitive accounts distinguish deontological guilt linked to violating internalised moral norms from altruistic guilt linked to empathic concern or perceived harm to others. This study examined associations between guilt facets, ED diagnosis, and ED psychopathology in a clinical sample.Materials and Methods: One hundred and eleven adult outpatients (≥18 years) with DSM-5 ED diagnoses (anorexia nervosa, n = 32; bulimia nervosa, n = 24; binge-eating disorder, n = 55; 92 women) were consecutively recruited at first assessment at the Eating Disorders Centre of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” (Naples, Italy) between January and December 2024 and completed the Italian versions of the Moral Orientation Guilt Scale (MOGS) and the Eating Disorder Inventory–2 (EDI-2) at first assessment. Between-diagnosis differences in guilt facets were tested with Kruskal–Wallis analyses. Spearman correlations (two-tailed) examined relationships between MOGS facets and EDI-2 subscales. An exploratory regression tested whether MOGS Empathy predicted EDI-2 Asceticism beyond sex.Results: Significant between-diagnosis differences emerged for moral norm violation (p < 0.001), moral dirtiness (p = 0.020), harm (p = 0.021), and both deontological (p = 0.001) and altruistic guilt composites (p = 0.041), with binge-eating disorder showing the highest mean levels. No between-diagnosis difference emerged for empathy (p = 0.114). Bulimia symptoms were not significantly correlated with MOGS indices. Asceticism correlated with moral dirtiness (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.038), empathy (ρ = 0.28, p = 0.003), and both deontological (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.038) and altruistic guilt composites (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.010), and interpersonal distrust correlated with empathy (ρ = 0.26, p = 0.007) and altruistic guilt (ρ = 0.24, p = 0.010). In a regression model including sex, empathy predicted asceticism (standardised β = 0.26; p = 0.006), explaining ~7% of variance (R² = 0.07).Conclusions: Distinct guilt facets—particularly empathy-related (altruistic) guilt—show selective associations with ED psychopathology and may represent a clinically relevant treatment target. Replication in larger and longitudinal samples and inclusion of shame and self-criticism measures are needed.

Background and Objectives: Moral emotions are increasingly implicated in the maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), yet guilt is less differentiated than shame in the ED literature. Contemporary cognitive accounts distinguish deontological guilt linked to violating internalised moral norms from altruistic guilt linked to empathic concern or perceived harm to others. This study examined associations between guilt facets, ED diagnosis, and ED psychopathology in a clinical sample. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eleven adult outpatients (≥18 years) with DSM-5 ED diagnoses (anorexia nervosa, n = 32; bulimia nervosa, n = 24; binge-eating disorder, n = 55; 92 women) were consecutively recruited at first assessment at the Eating Disorders Centre of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” (Naples, Italy) between January 2024 and December 2025 and completed the Italian versions of the Moral Orientation Guilt Scale (MOGS) and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2). Between-diagnosis differences in guilt facets were tested using Kruskal–Wallis analyses. Spearman correlations examined relationships between MOGS facets and EDI-2 subscales. An exploratory regression tested whether MOGS Empathy was associated with EDI-2 Asceticism beyond sex. Results: Significant between-diagnosis differences emerged for Moral Norm Violation (p < 0.001), Moral Dirtiness (p = 0.020), Harm (p = 0.021), and both deontological (p = 0.001) and altruistic guilt composites (p = 0.041), with binge-eating disorder showing the highest mean levels. No between-diagnosis difference emerged for Empathy (p = 0.114). The prespecified MNV–Bulimia correlation was not confirmed (ρ = 0.12, unadjusted p = 0.199; Holm-adjusted p = 0.199). Empathy was associated with Asceticism (ρ = 0.28, unadjusted p = 0.003; Holm-adjusted p = 0.008), and altruistic guilt was associated with Interpersonal Distrust (ρ = 0.24, unadjusted p = 0.010; Holm-adjusted p = 0.020). Broader exploratory correlations did not survive false discovery rate correction. In a regression model including sex, Empathy was associated with Asceticism (B = 0.263, 95% CI 0.078–0.447; standardised β = 0.26; p = 0.006), explaining approximately 7% of the variance (R² = 0.07). Conclusions: Distinct guilt facets show selective, small-to-moderate associations with ED-related psychological traits in an adult outpatient sample. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require replication in larger and longitudinal samples that include shame, trauma, self-criticism, weight stigma, illness duration, and gender identity measures.