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Prof. Marek Franek
Department of Management, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Environmental Psychology
0 Job Satisfaction
0 Personality
0 Approach and avoidance behavior
0 Cognitive spatial dimensions

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Approach and avoidance behavior
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Personality

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Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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There is a large body of evidence that exposure to simulated natural scenes has positive effects on emotions and reduces stress. Some studies have used self-reported assessments, and others have used physiological measures or combined self-reports with physiological measures; however, analysis of facial emotional expression has rarely been assessed. In the present study, participant facial expressions were analyzed while viewing forest trees with foliage, forest trees without foliage, and urban images by iMotions’ AFFDEX software designed for the recognition of facial emotions. It was assumed that natural images would evoke a higher magnitude of positive emotions in facial expressions and a lower magnitude of negative emotions than urban images. However, the results showed only very low magnitudes of facial emotional responses, and differences between natural and urban images were not significant. While the stimuli used in the present study represented an ordinary deciduous forest and urban streets, differences between the effects of mundane and attractive natural scenes and urban images are discussed. It is suggested that more attractive images could result in more pronounced emotional facial expressions. The findings of the present study have methodological relevance for future research. Moreover, not all urban dwellers have the possibility to spend time in nature; therefore, knowing more about the effects of some forms of simulated natural scenes surrogate nature also has some practical relevance.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Jan Petružálek. Viewing Natural vs. Urban Images and Emotional Facial Expressions: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7651 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Jan Petružálek. Viewing Natural vs. Urban Images and Emotional Facial Expressions: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7651.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Jan Petružálek. 2021. "Viewing Natural vs. Urban Images and Emotional Facial Expressions: An Exploratory Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7651.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in Land
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The study investigated the rarely addressed topic of how visual environmental features can influence walking speed. Young adult participants were asked to walk on a route that leads through areas composed of urban parks and areas with a built environment with a large amount of greenery. Their walking speed was measured in selected sections. The participants walked with a small video camera, and their walk was recorded. The temporal information was derived from the video recordings. Subsequently, the participants evaluated the environmental features of the route by specific spatio-cognitive dimensions of environmental preference. The results show that walking speed in specific sections of the walking route systematically differed and reflected the environmental features. The walking speed was lower in sections with high natural characteristics and a high environmental preference. Noise here was perceived as less annoying than in sections with lower natural characteristics. The results are explained in terms of approach avoidance behavior. The findings are in accordance with environmental preference research that documents various benefits of walking in the natural environment.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný. Environmental Features Influence Walking Speed: The Effect of Urban Greenery. Land 2021, 10, 459 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Lukáš Režný. Environmental Features Influence Walking Speed: The Effect of Urban Greenery. Land. 2021; 10 (5):459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný. 2021. "Environmental Features Influence Walking Speed: The Effect of Urban Greenery." Land 10, no. 5: 459.

Public health
Published: 01 September 2020 in PeerJ
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Music may modify the impression of a visual environment. Most studies have explored the effect of music on the perception of various service settings, but the effect of music on the perception of outdoor environments has not yet been adequately explored. Music may make an environment more pleasant and enhance the relaxation effect of outdoor recreational activities. This study investigated the effect of music on the evaluation of urban built and urban natural environments. The participants (N = 94) were asked to evaluate five environments in terms of spatio-cognitive and emotional dimensions while listening to music. Two types of music were selected: music with a fast tempo and music with a slow tempo. In contrast with a previous study by Yamasaki, Yamada & Laukka (2015), our experiment revealed that there was only a slight and not significant influence of music on the evaluation of the environment. The effect of music was mediated by the liking of music, but only in the dimensions of Pleasant and Mystery. The environmental features of the evaluated locations had a stronger effect than music on the evaluation of the environments. Environments with natural elements were perceived as more pleasant, interesting, coherent, and mysterious than urban built environments regardless of the music. It is suggested that the intensity of music may be an important factor in addition to the research methodology, individual variables, and cultural differences.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný; Denis Šefara. The effect of music on the perception of outdoor urban environment. PeerJ 2020, 8, e9770 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Lukáš Režný, Denis Šefara. The effect of music on the perception of outdoor urban environment. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e9770.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný; Denis Šefara. 2020. "The effect of music on the perception of outdoor urban environment." PeerJ 8, no. : e9770.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2019 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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The positive effect of viewing nature on cognitive function is explained in terms of perceptual fluency in the processing of nature scenes based on their fractal structure. The present study analyzed eye movements in viewing natural and urban scenes. Previous investigations found lower eye movement activity in viewing natural scenes compared to urban scenes. The first objective was to replicate previous findings from eye-tracking studies with a different set of images. The second objective was to analyze differences while viewing deciduous forest pictures in two vegetation periods. It was presumed that vegetation without foliage has a lower level of fractal complexity, which may result in differences in eye movements. Fifty-five undergraduates participated in the study. They viewed photographs of forests with foliage, forests without foliage, and urban scenes. Eye movements were recorded using a Tobii X2-60 eye tracker. The results revealed a significantly lower mean number of fixations in viewing natural scenes compared to urban scenes and a significantly lower mean number of fixations in viewing natural scenes with foliage compared to natural scenes without foliage. Moreover, natural scenes with foliage had significantly higher fractal dimensions than natural scenes without foliage and urban scenes. A lower number of fixations means a lower effort in processing visual information. Thus, the data showed a lower effort while observing natural scenes vs. urban scenes, as well as an association between eye movements and the fractal complexity of presented images. A higher fractal complexity was linked with lower eye movement activity. However, it is still unclear how the different visual complexity of vegetation with and without foliage can contribute to perceptual fluency in visual processing.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Jan Petružálek; Denis Šefara. Eye movements in viewing urban images and natural images in diverse vegetation periods. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 46, 126477 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Jan Petružálek, Denis Šefara. Eye movements in viewing urban images and natural images in diverse vegetation periods. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 46 ():126477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Jan Petružálek; Denis Šefara. 2019. "Eye movements in viewing urban images and natural images in diverse vegetation periods." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 46, no. : 126477.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in PeerJ
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Many studies have explored the effects of auditory and visual stimuli on the perception of an environment. However, there is a lack of investigations examining direct behavioral responses to noise in specific environments. In this study, a behavioral variable, walking speed, was analyzed, as a response to the sounds and visual features of a specific environment. The study examined the effects of birdsongs compared to traffic noise on walking speed in a real outdoor urban environment. It was supposed that the interaction of audition and vision in the perception of an environment may also be shaped by the perceived congruence of the visual and auditory features of the environment. The participants (N = 87 and N = 65), young university students, walked along a 1.8-km urban route. They listened to a soundtrack of crowded city noise or birdsongs, or they walked in the real outdoor environment without listening to any acoustic stimuli. To investigate the effect of the congruence between acoustic and visual stimuli, the experiment was conducted in two different seasons (fall and spring). The results did not show significant differences between the crowded city noise condition and the real outdoor condition. Listening to the soundtrack with birdsongs decreased walking speed, but this effect was significant only in the experiment conducted in spring. These findings can be explained in terms of the congruence between the sounds and the visual environment. The findings raise questions regarding the restorative function of urban greenery during different seasons.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný; Denis Šefara; Jiří Cabal. Effect of birdsongs and traffic noise on pedestrian walking speed during different seasons. PeerJ 2019, 7, e7711 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Lukáš Režný, Denis Šefara, Jiří Cabal. Effect of birdsongs and traffic noise on pedestrian walking speed during different seasons. PeerJ. 2019; 7 ():e7711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný; Denis Šefara; Jiří Cabal. 2019. "Effect of birdsongs and traffic noise on pedestrian walking speed during different seasons." PeerJ 7, no. : e7711.

Conference paper
Published: 14 June 2018 in Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing
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ACS Style

Jan Petružálek; Denis Šefara; Marek Franěk; Martin Kabelac. Scene perception while listening to music. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing 2018, 35 .

AMA Style

Jan Petružálek, Denis Šefara, Marek Franěk, Martin Kabelac. Scene perception while listening to music. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 2018; ():35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Petružálek; Denis Šefara; Marek Franěk; Martin Kabelac. 2018. "Scene perception while listening to music." Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing , no. : 35.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Environmental Psychology
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Previous studies have suggested that analysis of eye movements can provide new insights into the research of features of restorative environments in terms of the Attention Restoration Theory. Humans prefer images of nature over urban scenes, and eye-movement behavior seems be different across these categories. To enhance these findings, we investigated differences in eye movements while viewing nature scenes versus two categories of urban scenes. Apart from ordinary urban scenes, we also included the category of scenic images of old cities. The analysis of eye movements indicated lower eye movement activity while viewing nature scenes relative to ordinary urban scenes and also minor differences in eye movements between urban scenes and old city scenes. The results are explained in terms of lower cognitive effort while processing nature scenes in contrast to images of built environments.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Denis Šefara; Jan Petružálek; Jiří Cabal; Karel Myška. Differences in eye movements while viewing images with various levels of restorativeness. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2018, 57, 10 -16.

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Denis Šefara, Jan Petružálek, Jiří Cabal, Karel Myška. Differences in eye movements while viewing images with various levels of restorativeness. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2018; 57 ():10-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Denis Šefara; Jan Petružálek; Jiří Cabal; Karel Myška. 2018. "Differences in eye movements while viewing images with various levels of restorativeness." Journal of Environmental Psychology 57, no. : 10-16.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 14 April 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Exposure to noise in everyday urban life is considered to be an environmental stressor. A specific outcome of reactions to environmental stress is a fast pace of life that also includes a faster pedestrian walking speed. The present study examined the effect of listening to annoying acoustical stimuli (traffic noise) compared with relaxation sounds (forest birdsong) on walking speed in a real outdoor urban environment. The participants (N = 83) walked along an urban route of 1.8 km. They listened to either traffic noise or forest birdsong, or they walked without listening to any acoustical stimuli in the control condition. The results showed that participants listening to traffic noise walked significantly faster on the route than both the participants listening to forest birdsong sounds and the participants in the control condition. Participants who listened to forest birdsong walked slightly slower than those under control conditions; however, this difference was not significant. Analysis of the walk experience showed that participants who listened to forest birdsong during the walk liked the route more than those who listened to traffic sounds. The study demonstrated that exposure to traffic noise led to an immediate increase in walking speed. It was also shown that exposure to noise may influence participants’ perception of an environment. The same environment may be more liked in the absence of noise or in the presence of relaxation sounds. The study also documented the positive effect of listening to various kinds of relaxation sounds while walking in an outdoor environment with traffic noise.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný; Denis Šefara; Jiří Cabal. Effect of Traffic Noise and Relaxations Sounds on Pedestrian Walking Speed. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 752 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Lukáš Režný, Denis Šefara, Jiří Cabal. Effect of Traffic Noise and Relaxations Sounds on Pedestrian Walking Speed. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (4):752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný; Denis Šefara; Jiří Cabal. 2018. "Effect of Traffic Noise and Relaxations Sounds on Pedestrian Walking Speed." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 752.

Preprint
Published: 19 December 2017
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Background. Exposure to noise in everyday urban life is considered to be an environmental stressor. A specific outcome of the reaction from environmental stress is a fast pace of life that also includes a faster pedestrian walking speed. There is a limited amount of experimental evidence that people tend to walk faster in an environment with dense traffic and traffic noise. On the other hand, listening to nature relaxation sounds may decrease actual walking speed. The present study examined an effect of listening to annoying acoustical stimuli (traffic noise) compared to relaxation sounds (forest birdsong) on walking speed in a real outdoor urban environment. Methods. The participants (N=83) walked along an urban route of 1.8 km. The first part of the route was a street with driving cars, the second part was a dense oak alley that led out of the noisy street with traffic. There were three conditions in the experiment. The participants listened either to traffic noise or to forest birdsong; they walked without listening to any acoustical stimuli in the control condition. Their walking speed was measured for certain parts of the route. After completing their walk, participants were asked to describe their experience during the walk. Results. A mixed ANOVA indicated a significant between-subjects main effect of the condition (F 2,160 = 14.80, p <.001, η2 = 0.16), significant within-subjects main effect of the section walked (F 2,320 = 103.28, p <.001, η2 = 0.39), and significant interaction between the section walked and direction of the walk (F 2,320 = 11.76, p <.001, η2 = 0.09). A post hoc test showed that participants listening to traffic noise walked significantly faster on the route than participants listening to forest birdsong sounds and participants in the control condition. Participants who listened to forest birdsong walked slightly faster than those under control condition; however, this difference was not significant. Analysis of the walk experience showed that participants who listened to forest birdsong during the walk liked the route more than those who listened to traffic sounds. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that exposure to traffic noise led to an immediate increase in walking speed. It was also shown that exposure to noise may influence perception of an environment. The same environment may be more liked in the absence of noise or in the presence of relaxation sounds. The study also documented the positive effect of listening to various kinds of relaxation sounds while walking in an outdoor environment with traffic noise.

ACS Style

Marek Franek; Lukáš Režný; Jiří Cabal. Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed. 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Marek Franek, Lukáš Režný, Jiří Cabal. Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed. . 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franek; Lukáš Režný; Jiří Cabal. 2017. "Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 19 December 2017
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Background. Exposure to noise in everyday urban life is considered to be an environmental stressor. A specific outcome of the reaction from environmental stress is a fast pace of life that also includes a faster pedestrian walking speed. There is a limited amount of experimental evidence that people tend to walk faster in an environment with dense traffic and traffic noise. On the other hand, listening to nature relaxation sounds may decrease actual walking speed. The present study examined an effect of listening to annoying acoustical stimuli (traffic noise) compared to relaxation sounds (forest birdsong) on walking speed in a real outdoor urban environment. Methods. The participants (N=83) walked along an urban route of 1.8 km. The first part of the route was a street with driving cars, the second part was a dense oak alley that led out of the noisy street with traffic. There were three conditions in the experiment. The participants listened either to traffic noise or to forest birdsong; they walked without listening to any acoustical stimuli in the control condition. Their walking speed was measured for certain parts of the route. After completing their walk, participants were asked to describe their experience during the walk. Results. A mixed ANOVA indicated a significant between-subjects main effect of the condition (F 2,160 = 14.80, p <.001, η2 = 0.16), significant within-subjects main effect of the section walked (F 2,320 = 103.28, p <.001, η2 = 0.39), and significant interaction between the section walked and direction of the walk (F 2,320 = 11.76, p <.001, η2 = 0.09). A post hoc test showed that participants listening to traffic noise walked significantly faster on the route than participants listening to forest birdsong sounds and participants in the control condition. Participants who listened to forest birdsong walked slightly faster than those under control condition; however, this difference was not significant. Analysis of the walk experience showed that participants who listened to forest birdsong during the walk liked the route more than those who listened to traffic sounds. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that exposure to traffic noise led to an immediate increase in walking speed. It was also shown that exposure to noise may influence perception of an environment. The same environment may be more liked in the absence of noise or in the presence of relaxation sounds. The study also documented the positive effect of listening to various kinds of relaxation sounds while walking in an outdoor environment with traffic noise.

ACS Style

Marek Franek; Lukáš Režný; Jiří Cabal. Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed. 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Marek Franek, Lukáš Režný, Jiří Cabal. Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed. . 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franek; Lukáš Režný; Jiří Cabal. 2017. "Effects of traffic noise and relaxation sounds on pedestrian walking speed." , no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 26 January 2017 in Frontiers in Psychology
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This study examined the effect of priming with photographs of various environmental settings on the speed of a subsequent outdoor walk in an urban environment. Either photographs of urban greenery, conifer forests, or shopping malls were presented or no prime was employed. Three experiments were conducted (N = 126, N = 88, and N = 121). After being exposed to the priming or no-priming conditions, the participants were asked to walk along an urban route 1.9 km long with vegetation and mature trees (Experiment 1, Experiment 3) or along a route in a modern suburb (Experiment 2). In accord with the concept of approach-avoidance behavior, it was expected that priming with photographs congruent with the environmental setting of the walking route would result in slower walking speed. Conversely, priming with photographs incongruent with the environmental setting should result in faster walking speed. The results showed that priming with the photographs with vegetation caused a decrease in overall walking speed on the route relative to other experimental conditions. However, priming with incongruent primes did not lead to a significant increase in walking speed. In all experimental conditions, the slowest walking speed was found in sections with the highest natural character. The results are explained in terms of congruency between the prime and the environment, as well as by the positive psychological effects of viewing nature.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný. The Effect of Priming with Photographs of Environmental Settings on Walking Speed in an Outdoor Environment. Frontiers in Psychology 2017, 8, 73 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Lukáš Režný. The Effect of Priming with Photographs of Environmental Settings on Walking Speed in an Outdoor Environment. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 8 ():73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Lukáš Režný. 2017. "The Effect of Priming with Photographs of Environmental Settings on Walking Speed in an Outdoor Environment." Frontiers in Psychology 8, no. : 73.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2015 in Technological and Economic Development of Economy
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The present study examined the socio-psychological factors (personality dimensions, motives for car use, and materialistic values) that influence car preference in undergraduate students (N = 383). Preferences for particular car types, properties, and brands were studied. The data indicated only a slight correspondence between the personality dimensions of the Big-Five model and car preference. However, individual motives for car use and materialistic values predict preferences for certain car types and even more for car brands. The results demonstrated a clearly defined group of individuals who prefer cars with high performance. These individuals prefer German cars of “prestigious” brands, such as Audi, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz. For these individuals, affective motives, as well as materialistic values are important cues for car use and preference. These findings are discussed in terms of more sustainable modes of travel and campaigns to promote sustainable travel modes. The potential value shift from cars as objects that represent personal freedom and identity to more recent mobile technologies, which might play the same role in the younger generation, is discussed.

ACS Style

Denis Šefara; Marek Franěk; Václav Zubr. SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CAR PREFERENCE IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2015, 21, 643 -659.

AMA Style

Denis Šefara, Marek Franěk, Václav Zubr. SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CAR PREFERENCE IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 2015; 21 (4):643-659.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Denis Šefara; Marek Franěk; Václav Zubr. 2015. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CAR PREFERENCE IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 21, no. 4: 643-659.

Original research article
Published: 02 December 2014 in Frontiers in Psychology
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The study explored the effect of music on the temporal aspects of walking behavior in a real outdoor urban setting. First, spontaneous synchronization between the beat of the music and step tempo was explored. The effect of motivational and non-motivational music (Karageorghis et al. 1999) on the walking speed was also studied. Finally, we investigated whether music can mask the effects of visual aspects of the walking route environment, which involve fluctuation of walking speed as a response to particular environmental settings. In two experiments, we asked participants to walk around an urban route through various environments in the downtown area of Hradec Králové. In Experiment 1, the participants listened to a musical track consisting of world pop music with a clear beat. In Experiment 2, participants were walking either with motivational music, which had a fast tempo and a strong rhythm, or with non-motivational music, which was slower, nice music, but with no strong implication to movement. Musical beat, as well as the sonic character of the music listened to while walking, influenced walking speed but did not lead to precise synchronization. It was found that many subjects did not spontaneously synchronize with the beat of the music at all, and some subjects synchronized only part of the time. The fast, energetic music increases the speed of the walking tempo, while slower, relaxing music makes the walking tempo slower. Further, it was found that listening to music with headphones while walking can mask the influence of the surrounding environment to some extent. Both motivational music and non-motivational music had a larger effect than the music from Experiment 1. Individual differences in responses to the music listened to while walking that were linked to extraversion and neuroticism were also observed. The findings described here could be useful in rhythmic stimulation for enhancing or recovering the features of movement performance.

ACS Style

Marek Franä›K; Leon Evan Noorden; Lukã¡å¡ Reå¾Nã½. Tempo and walking speed with music in the urban context. Frontiers in Psychology 2014, 5, 1361 .

AMA Style

Marek Franä›K, Leon Evan Noorden, Lukã¡å¡ Reå¾Nã½. Tempo and walking speed with music in the urban context. Frontiers in Psychology. 2014; 5 ():1361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franä›K; Leon Evan Noorden; Lukã¡å¡ Reå¾Nã½. 2014. "Tempo and walking speed with music in the urban context." Frontiers in Psychology 5, no. : 1361.

Research article
Published: 01 July 2014 in SAGE Open
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This study examines the effect of personal and work-related factors on job satisfaction based on a sample from the Czech Republic. The study, which was based on a questionnaire survey of 1,776 respondents in organizations in the Czech Republic, proposed a number of hypotheses related to demographic and organizational variables and tests using ANOVA. Results of the data analysis revealed similarities to findings in Western countries, in which men show higher job satisfaction than women. Age does not seem to have a significant effect on job satisfaction. There is low job satisfaction in public/governmental organizations and among young people entering the job market. It is suggested that it is necessary to develop a human resources strategy for the public/governmental sector that will not only increase its social prestige but also increase positive feelings among its employees. The need to better prepare undergraduates for the demands of the job market is also discussed.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Hana Mohelská; Václav Zubr; Pavel Bachmann; Marcela Sokolová. Organizational and Sociodemographic Determinants of Job Satisfaction in the Czech Republic. SAGE Open 2014, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Hana Mohelská, Václav Zubr, Pavel Bachmann, Marcela Sokolová. Organizational and Sociodemographic Determinants of Job Satisfaction in the Czech Republic. SAGE Open. 2014; 4 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Hana Mohelská; Václav Zubr; Pavel Bachmann; Marcela Sokolová. 2014. "Organizational and Sociodemographic Determinants of Job Satisfaction in the Czech Republic." SAGE Open 4, no. 3: 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2013 in Acta academica karviniensia
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The paper investigated stereotypical images of consumer preferences among listeners of various musical genres. Undergraduate students (N = 132) were asked to rate food and beverage preferences of fans of classical music, jazz, pop, metal, tech...

ACS Style

Marek Franěk. STEREOTYPICAL IMAGES OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES AMONG LISTENERS OF VARIOUS MUSICAL GENRES. Acta academica karviniensia 2013, 13, 13 -23.

AMA Style

Marek Franěk. STEREOTYPICAL IMAGES OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES AMONG LISTENERS OF VARIOUS MUSICAL GENRES. Acta academica karviniensia. 2013; 13 (2):13-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk. 2013. "STEREOTYPICAL IMAGES OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES AMONG LISTENERS OF VARIOUS MUSICAL GENRES." Acta academica karviniensia 13, no. 2: 13-23.

Research article
Published: 01 June 2013 in Perceptual and Motor Skills
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The present study investigated various factors influencing pedestrian speed. Undergraduate students who were registered in psychology courses participated in three studies (Study 1: N = 71, M age = 20.3 yr., 37 women; Study 2: N = 92, M age = 19.6 yr., 48 women; Study 3: N =108, M age = 20.4 yr., 56 women). They were required to walk within the city of Hradec Králové (Czech Republic) along a route consisting of streets with various amounts of vegetation, traffic intensity, and noise. In Studies 1 to 3, participants tended to walk statistically significantly faster in sections without greenery and with more traffic, higher perceived noise, and more people than in sections with greenery and with less traffic, perceived noise, and fewer people. They also walked statistically significantly faster in less open spaces. In a fourth study, participants ( N = 70, M age = 20.7 yr., 35 women) were asked to evaluate their emotional reactions to the environment (dimensions of pleasure, arousal, and dominance), as well as to the restorative qualities of the environment. In sections where participants reported more positive emotions and higher restoration, the walking speed was statistically significantly slower. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between urban environmental design and stress reduction.

ACS Style

Marek Franěk. Environmental Factors Influencing Pedestrian Walking Speed. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2013, 116, 992 -1019.

AMA Style

Marek Franěk. Environmental Factors Influencing Pedestrian Walking Speed. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2013; 116 (3):992-1019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk. 2013. "Environmental Factors Influencing Pedestrian Walking Speed." Perceptual and Motor Skills 116, no. 3: 992-1019.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2012 in e-Pedagogium
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ACS Style

Marek Franěk; Věra Strnadová. Activation of social stereotypes and performance in an exam test. e-Pedagogium 2012, 12, 18 -31.

AMA Style

Marek Franěk, Věra Strnadová. Activation of social stereotypes and performance in an exam test. e-Pedagogium. 2012; 12 (1):18-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek Franěk; Věra Strnadová. 2012. "Activation of social stereotypes and performance in an exam test." e-Pedagogium 12, no. 1: 18-31.