This scoping review aimed to identify current evidence and gaps in the field of long-term space nutrition. Specifically, the review targeted critical nutritional needs during long-term manned missions in outer space in addition to the essential components of a sustainable space nutrition system for meeting these needs. The search phrase “space food and the survival of astronauts in long-term missions” was used to collect the initial 5432 articles from seven Chinese and seven English databases. From these articles, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts to identify 218 articles for full-text reviews based on three themes and 18 keyword combinations as eligibility criteria. The results suggest that it is possible to address short-term adverse environmental factors and nutritional deficiencies by adopting effective dietary measures, selecting the right types of foods and supplements, and engaging in specific sustainable food production and eating practices. However, to support self-sufficiency during long-term space exploration, the most optimal and sustainable space nutrition systems are likely to be supported primarily by fresh food production, natural unprocessed foods as diets, nutrient recycling of food scraps and cultivation systems, and the establishment of closed-loop biospheres or landscape-based space habitats as long-term life support systems.

The Tibetan Plateau, the world's largest critical ecological hotspot, teems with valuable ecosystem services. Yet, its expansive alpine ecosystems face growing anthropogenic pressures, particularly intensified land use. This study delves into ecosystem service supply-demand ratio, land use patterns, and their spatiotemporal evolution on the Tibetan Plateau from 1980 to 2020. We employed ecosystem service supply-demand ratios and trade-off models to reveal trends in three key ecosystem services: soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and water provisioning. We also examined the impact of land use development on these ratios. The land use landscape remained relatively stable during 1980-2020, dominated by alpine grasslands and deserts. Soil conservation services showed an increasing supplydemand ratio, while carbon sequestration and water provisioning initially rose, then declined. These ratios displayed a spatial pattern, increasing from northwest to southeast, mirroring land use transitions. We found distinct spatial disparities in the correlation between land use intensity and ecosystem service supply-demand ratio, concentrated in the west-central, southern, and east-central Tibetan Plateau. This research is pivotal for shaping land use policies and patterns in the unique Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystem.

The wetland water environment serves as the vital “kidney” of the city, playing a pivotal role in purifying water, maintaining habitat biodiversity, and ensuring ecological stability. In this study, we focus on a representative wetland park located in Lanzhou, China. Firstly, we establish a comprehensive evaluation system for the ecological environment of the wetland park. This is achieved through rigorous field monitoring of three key elements within the water environment: water quality, habitat, and aquatic life. By employing this holistic approach, we aim to gain a thorough understanding of the park's ecological condition.Secondly, we employ a questionnaire to assess the quality of health care services provided within the park. Additionally, we extract data from real element analysis and consumer reviews to obtain valuable insights into health care satisfaction levels. This comprehensive evaluation enables us to assess the quality of health services within the marshland park. We summarize optimization strategies for wetland parks, emphasizing the synergy between the water environment and health services. Furthermore, we propose scientifically informed recommendations for improving the quality of health services within wetland parks. This study contributes to our understanding of the crucial relationship between wetland ecosystems, health care services, and the sustainable development of urban environments.

In the context of the product service type and multi-level ecosystem of upgrading agricultureforestry- animal husbandry composite system in Dibei Zagana, China. we conducted a study on ecosystem services to explore the coupling relationship between the matching characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand and ecological resilience. Using multi-source data, we developed various models to assess the supply and demand of five ecosystem services: agriculture-forestryanimal husbandry composite system services, water production, upgrading agriculture-forestry-animal Husbandry composite system, soil conservation, and recreation and leisure. Additionally, we established an ecological resilience index system to quantify ecological resilience. Based on the "ecosystem service supply and demand + ecological resilience" concept, we defined ecological restoration zones. Subsequently, optimization strategies were proposed considering the natural and socio-economic status and development characteristics of these zones. Moreover, differentiated ecological restoration strategies were suggested for various sub-areas. These strategies provide valuable guidelines for the systematic design of ecological restoration projects and serve as methodological references for the scientific preparation of the future comprehensive management plan for the Zagana district.

Ecological environmental issues have received extensive attention, and landscape ecological risk assessment is of great significance for regional sustainable development. Previous studies faced difficulties in accurately quantifying the impacts of land use changes and the spatio-temporal patterns of risks due to data limitations and single indicators when evaluating ecological risks in plateau areas. This led to a lack of effective bases for ecological protection and planning. This study focused on the land use types in Hainan Prefecture on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1980 to 2020. Using the land use vector data, it reclassified the grassland types, analyzed the land use dynamics and transfer matrices, integrated landscape pattern indices to construct the landscape ecological risk index, and conducted spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results showed that grassland accounted for over 62%, mainly with moderate/low coverage; in the past 40 years, cultivated land and construction land expanded, while grassland decreased and landscape fragmentation intensified; the comprehensive landscape ecological risk index was approximately 0.124, mostly at medium-low risk levels; risks exhibited spatial autocorrelation with high-low aggregation characteristics. This study provides directions for plateau land use planning and risk mitigation, accurately quantifies risk patterns, facilitates the formulation of targeted ecological protection strategies, and enhances the scientific nature of regional sustainable development decision-making.

This study investigates a typical valley city, Lanzhou, China, to reveal the nonlinear relationships and interaction mechanisms between gray–green space morphology and seasonal diurnal land surface temperature (LST) using multi-source remote sensing and land use data. A comprehensive morphological indicator system encompassing scale, complexity, connectivity, and structural integrity was constructed through landscape metric screening and the CRITIC objective weighting method, combined with the XGBoost-SHAP explainable machine learning framework. The findings highlight that: (1) Gray–green space impacts on LST exhibit significant seasonal and diurnal variations—daytime LST is predominantly governed by gray space morphology (e.g., fragmentation degree), while nighttime LST is driven by green space morphology (e.g., coverage intensity). (2) Key indicators demonstrate pronounced nonlinear and threshold characteristics: the cooling effect of green space coverage intensity (GCI) saturates beyond 0.25; gray space morphological structure factor (GRMSF) demonstrates cooling potential when exceeding 0.25, mitigating its warming effect. (3) Significant synergistic interaction effects exist between gray and green spaces. Interaction analysis reveals that “high green coverage with low structural connectivity of gray space” produces optimal synergistic cooling effects, representing the most effective spatial configuration for nighttime LST mitigation. This study deepens theoretical and methodological understanding of the complex relationships between spatial morphology and thermal environments, providing quantified, temporally differentiated spatial optimization guidance for climate-adaptive planning in valley cities.