Background/Objectives: Gingival recession (GR) has a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interaction of various factors. It affects aesthetics and comfort, and has negative consequences for quality of life. The main objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession in a sample of the population in northern Portugal, according to the classification system proposed by Cairo. The secondary objective is to investigate possible risk factors for the prevalence of gingival recession. Methods: This observational study analyzed 50 patients who met all our inclusion criteria. Participants underwent a clinical periodontal examination and completed a questionnaire. Results: On the lingual/palatine side, recession type 2 (RT2) was the most prevalent (39.1%), and on the buccal side, recession type 3 (RT3) was the most prevalent (37.7%). Statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence of RT3 on both sides, buccal and lingual/palatine, which was higher in patients over 65. Buccal side RT2 and buccal and lingual/palatine side RT3 were more prevalent in males. Buccal side RT2 was more prevalent in ex-smokers compared to nonsmokers. RT3 was more prevalent in ex-smokers compared to smokers and nonsmokers. Most patients have gingival recession with loss of interproximal attachment. Conclusions: Older age, male gender, high plaque levels, and smoking habits are considered risk factors.

Background/Objectives: The interplay between oral and systemic diseases is highlighted by the shared inflammatory mechanisms and epidemiological associations between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Building on previous syntheses of the effect of periodontal therapy on RA disease activity, we sought to refine the evidence base through strict restriction to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), separate analysis of the two non-interchangeable formulations of the Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR, based on either C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, respectively), and inclusion of recent randomized trials. We aimed to determine whether the first two steps of periodontal therapy (steps 1 and 2 of the 2020 EFP S3-level clinical practice guideline), delivered through supragingival professional mechanical plaque removal and subgingival instrumentation, reduce DAS28 in adults with concurrent RA and periodontitis. Methods: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261400735). Five databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Only RCTs were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2. DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR were analyzed in separate random-effects forest plots. Sensitivity analyses addressed adjunctive antibiotics and high baseline disease activity. Results: Ten trials (n = 430 randomized patients) were included. At 3 months, DAS28-CRP was significantly reduced (between-group MD = −0.84, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.29; change-from-baseline MD = −0.55, −0.92 to −0.19). On DAS28-ESR at 3 months, the change-from-baseline estimate was significant (MD = −1.27, −2.22 to −0.31) and the follow-up estimate concordant in direction but not significant (MD = −0.89, −1.85 to 0.07), with substantial heterogeneity. Conclusions: Periodontal therapy may be associated with short-term reductions in RA disease activity, particularly DAS28-CRP at 3 months, with directionally concordant but less certain effects on DAS28-ESR. The evidence remains limited by small sample sizes, risk of bias, substantial heterogeneity of the DAS28-ESR estimates, and sparse follow-up beyond 3 months. As no trial reported individual responder categories, these group-level findings support periodontal therapy as a possible adjunctive measure in RA rather than a predictable, clinically meaningful benefit at the individual patient level.

Background/Objectives: Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, causing progressive destruction of the alveolar bone and eventual tooth loss when not treated. Despite advances in conventional periodontal therapies, complete tissue regeneration remains limited. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical relevance of stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches for regeneration of periodontal bone lesions. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 17 studies in humans that met predefined PICO criteria. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251229271). These studies assessed various stem cell sources, including dental and bone marrow-derived cells among others, both on their own and in combination with scaffolds or growth factors. Results: Most studies reported favorable outcomes in terms of clinical attachment gain, radiographic bone fill, probing depth reduction, and implant stability. No major adverse effects were noted, indicating good safety. However, results varied based on cell type, culture protocols, and defect characteristics. Conclusions: Stem cell therapy shows strong potential for periodontal regeneration, with outcomes that may potentially surpass those of conventional methods in selected cases. Further standardization, cost reduction, and long-term clinical trials are essential to confirm these findings and support their integration into daily dental practice.

Background: Conventional treatment of periodontal disease is based on subgingival instrumentation, but its limited effectiveness in eliminating certain pathogens has led to the need for adjuvant approaches such as ozone therapy (OT) or Blue®m gel. Methods: A systematic review was carried out between October 2024 and June 2025, using four databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eighteen articles that met the in-clusion criteria were selected from a total of 727. Results: Although most articles reported an improvement in periodontal parameters after treatment, significant differences between groups were found in only one article. Furthermore, two articles showed that the use of OT reduced anaerobic bacterial colonisation between 28.5% and 55.0%. Regarding Blue®m, two articles argued that there was a clinical im-provement in periodontal parameters within 14 days to three months. However, an article reported that no significant differences were found between groups. OT and Blue®m oral gel are used as a viable alternative, as they favour wound healing by increasing oxygen levels in periodontal pockets and allowing high concentrations of active oxygen directly in the pocket depth. Oxygen participates in various biological processes, such as bacterial elimination by oxidation, re-epithelialisation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis, which appear to be promising new alternatives to conventional approaches. Conclusions: Despite promising results, significant intragroup differences were observed, but not intergroup differences, demonstrating that the use of these therapies does not have a negative effect as a complement to conventional treatment.

Background: Bone tissue is a dynamic structure capable of continuous remodeling; however, its regenerative capacity is limited in critical-size defects, often requiring the use of bone grafting procedures. Available grafting materials present inherent limitations, highlighting the need for strategies that can enhance regenerative outcomes. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been proposed as a promising adjunctive agent because of its biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects. Objective: To systematically evaluate the available clinical evidence regarding the effects of HA as an adjunct in bone regeneration procedures, including alveolar ridge preservation, ridge augmentation, and maxillary sinus elevation. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library databases for studies published within the last 10 years. Clinical studies involving adult patients were included if they evaluated the local application of HA, regardless of formulation, and reported quantitative clinical, radiographic, histological, or histomorphometric outcomes related to bone regeneration. Results: Of the 728 records initially identified, 10 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Discussion: Overall, the available evidence suggests that HA may positively influence bone regeneration outcomes. The most consistent benefits were observed in alveolar ridge preservation and ridge augmentation procedures, including increased new bone formation, improved bone density, enhanced bone maturation, and reduced dimensional bone loss. In contrast, findings regarding maxillary sinus augmentation were less consistent. Conclusions: HA appears to be a promising adjunct in bone regeneration procedures. However, the current evidence remains limited and is primarily based on clinical outcomes, providing insufficient mechanistic data to fully elucidate its biological effects. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols are required before definitive clinical recommendations can be established.

Based on the growing use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) for implant rehabilitation in atrophic alveolar ridges, the choice of barrier membrane remains a critical factor for clinical success. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of titanium-reinforced dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE-Ti) membranes compared with resorbable collagen membranes in vertical ridge augmentation. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases. Clinical studies published since 2014 involving human subjects undergoing GBR procedures with either d-PTFE-Ti or collagen membranes were included. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including randomized clinical trials and cohort studies. The selected studies indicated that both membrane-based approaches were effective in promoting bone regeneration and enabling implant placement. Titanium-reinforced d-PTFE membranes may offer mechanical advantages in space maintenance and dimensional stability, particularly in larger vertical defects; however, the available comparative evidence did not demonstrate a consistent statistically significant superiority over collagen-based approaches. Within the limitations of the available evidence, both strategies appear to provide clinically predictable outcomes, and membrane selection should be individualized according to defect morphology and treatment requirements.