We present the results of a global analysis of the neutrino oscillation data available as of fall 2018 in the framework of three massive mixed neutrinos with the goal at determining the ranges of allowed values for the six relevant parameters. We describe the complementarity and quantify the tensions among the results of the different data samples contributing to the determination of each parameter. We also show how those vary when combining our global likelihood with the χ ² map provided by Super-Kamiokande for their atmospheric neutrino data analysis in the same framework. The best fit of the analysis is for the normal mass ordering with inverted ordering being disfavoured with a Δχ ² = 4.7 (9.3) without (with) SK-atm. We find a preference for the second octant of θ ₂₃, disfavouring the first octant with Δχ ² = 4.4 (6.0) without (with) SK-atm. The best fit for the complex phase is δ _CP = 215° with CP conservation being allowed at Δχ ² = 1.5 (1.8). As a byproduct we quantify the correlated ranges for the laboratory observables sensitive to the absolute neutrino mass scale in beta decay, $$ {m}_{\nu_e} $$ m ν e , and neutrino-less double beta decay, m _ee , and the total mass of the neutrinos, Σ, which is most relevant in Cosmology.

We discuss the possibility to explain the anomalies in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments in terms of sterile neutrinos. We work in a 3 + 1 framework and pay special attention to recent new data from reactor experiments, IceCube and MINOS+. We find that results from the DANSS and NEOS reactor experiments support the sterile neutrino explanation of the reactor anomaly, based on an analysis that relies solely on the relative comparison of measured reactor spectra. Global data from the ν _e disappearance channel favour sterile neutrino oscillations at the 3σ level with Δm ₄₁ ² ≈ 1.3 eV² and |U _e4| ≈ 0.1, even without any assumptions on predicted reactor fluxes. In contrast, the anomalies in the ν _e appearance channel (dominated by LSND) are in strong tension with improved bounds on ν _μ disappearance, mostly driven by MINOS+ and IceCube. Under the sterile neutrino oscillation hypothesis, the p-value for those data sets being consistent is less than 2.6 × 10⁻⁶. Therefore, an explanation of the LSND anomaly in terms of sterile neutrino oscillations in the 3 + 1 scenario is excluded at the 4.7σ level. This result is robust with respect to variations in the analysis and used data, in particular it depends neither on the theoretically predicted reactor neutrino fluxes, nor on constraints from any single experiment. Irrespective of the anomalies, we provide updated constraints on the allowed mixing strengths |U _α4| (α = e, μ, τ ) of active neutrinos with a fourth neutrino mass state in the eV range.

The ∼ 3σ discrepancy between the predicted and observed reactor anti-neutrino flux, known as the reactor anti-neutrino anomaly, continues to intrigue. The recent discovery of an unexpected bump in the reactor anti-neutrino spectrum, as well as indications that the flux deficit is different for different fission isotopes seems to disfavour the explanation of the anomaly in terms of sterile neutrino oscillations. We critically review this conclusion in view of all available data on electron (anti)neutrino disappearance. We find that the sterile neutrino hypothesis cannot be rejected based on global data and is only mildly disfavored compared to an individual rescaling of neutrino fluxes from different fission isotopes. The main reason for this is the presence of spectral features in recent data from the NEOS and DANSS experiments. If state-of-the-art predictions for reactor fluxes are taken at face value, sterile neutrino oscillations allow a consistent description of global data with a significance close to 3σ relative to the no-oscillation case. Even if reactor fluxes and spectra are left free in the fit, a 2σ hint in favour of sterile neutrinos remains, with allowed parameter regions consistent with an explanation of the anomaly in terms of oscillations.

Motivated by the capability of the KATRIN experiment to explore the existence of KeV neutrinos in the [1 − 18.5] KeV mass range, we explore the viability of minimal extensions of the Standard Model involving sterile neutrinos (namely the 3 + N frameworks) and study their possible impact in both the beta energy spectrum and the neutrinoless double beta decay effective mass, for the two possible ordering cases for the light neutrino spectrum. We also explore how both observables can discriminate between motivated low-scale seesaw realizations involving KeV sterile neutrinos. Our study concerns the prospect of a Type-I seesaw with two right-handed neutrinos, and a combination of the inverse and the linear seesaws where the Standard Model is minimally extended by two quasi-degenerate sterile fermions. We also discuss the possibility of exploring the latter case searching for double-kinks in KATRIN.

There is a well-known $2\sigma$ tension in the measurements of the solar $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}^2$ between KamLAND and SNO/Super-KamioKANDE. Precise determination of the solar $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}^2$ is especially important in connection with current and future long baseline $CP$ violation measurements. Seo and Parke [ Phys. Rev. D 99, 033012 (2019)] points out that currently running short baseline reactor neutrino experiments, Daya Bay and RENO, can also constrain solar $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}^2$ value as demonstrated by a GLoBES simulation with a limited systematic uncertainty consideration. In this work, the publicly available data, from Daya Bay (1958 days) and RENO (2200 days) are used to constrain the solar $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}^2$. Verification of our method through $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{ee}^2$ and ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{13}$ measurements is discussed in Appendix A. Using this verified method, reasonable constraints on the solar $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}^2$ are obtained using above Daya Bay and RENO data, both individually and combined. We find that the combined data of Daya Bay and RENO set an upper limit on the solar $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}^2$ of $18\times {10}^{-5}{\mathrm{eV}}^2$ at the 95% C.L., including both systematic and statistical uncertainties. This constraint is slightly more than twice the KamLAND value. As this combined result is still statistics limited, even though driven by Daya Bay data, the constraint will improve with the additional running of this experiment.

This paper presents an advanced workflow for processing radar imagery stacks using Persistent Scatterer and Distributed Scatterer Interferometry (PSDS) to enhance spatial coherence and improve displacement detection accuracy. The workflow leverages Level 2 Coregistered Single Look Complex (L2-CSLC) images generated by the open-source COMPASS (Coregistered Multi-temporal Sar SLC) framework in combination with the Combined eigenvalue maximum likelihood Phase Linking (CPL) approach implemented in MiaplPy. Starting the analysis directly from Level 2 products offers a significant advantage to end-users, as they simplify processing by being pre-geocoded and ready for immediate analysis. Additionally, the open-source nature of the workflow and the use of L2-CSLC products simplify the processing pipeline, making it easier to distribute directly to users for practical applications in monitoring infrastructure stability in dynamic environments. The ISCE3-MiaplPy workflow is compared against ISCE2-MiaplPy and the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) to assess its performance in detecting infrastructure deformations in dynamic environments, such as the Algeciras port. The results indicate that ISCE3-MiaplPy delivers denser measurements, albeit with increased noise, compared to its counterparts. This higher resolution enables a more detailed understanding of infrastructure stability and surface dynamics, which is critical for environments with ongoing human activity or natural forces.