Icro Maremmani graduated from the Medical School of the University of Pisa and specialized in Psychiatry cum laude at the University of Pisa. At present, he is a Professor of Addiction Medicine at the University of Pisa and Director of the II Level Master in Addiction Medicine at Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences (UniCamillus), in Rome, Italy. His expertise field is agonist opioid treatment of heroin addicts, especially patients with dual disorders. He received the Dole and Nyswander Award in 1994, the Chimera Career Award in 2004, the SEPD Award in 2015, the ISAM fellowship award in 2016, and the Dole and Nyswander Award chair in 2019. He also serves as editor-in-chief of Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, and Italian Journal of Addiction.