Saudi Arabia's fast-growing pharmaceutical market aims to retain employees to increase organizational effectiveness and reduce attrition costs. This study aimed to investigate employee retention determinants in Saudi pharmaceutical companies. In total, 325 responses were collected and analysed. Quantitative research was conducted using an electronic survey sent to Saudi pharmaceutical employees through different social media platforms. Different variables were collected from the survey tool using several question formats. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Six determinants were identified to have a positive correlation with employee retention: salary/benefits, job/work conditions, work relationships, company culture, motivation, and leadership within the company. The motivation was a key factor influencing employee retention. Nearly 52.1% to 91.1% of employee retention was explained by the aforementioned determinants. Job/work conditions and motivation in the company were significant positive predictors of employee retention. Our study showed a significant relationship between salary/employee benefits, motivation, work conditions, organizational culture, leadership support, and employee retention in pharmaceutical companies in Saudi Arabia. Leaders in Saudi pharmaceutical companies should maintain long-term staff retention to boost organizational performance and minimise the cost of employee attrition.

Objectives: The objective of this research is to explore how digital marketing influences and communicates with consumers which shapes consumer behavior in E-commerce platforms. Theoretical Framework: As a result of the significant changes that global commerce has witnessed in recent years, most notably the e-commerce industry has experienced rapid growth and transformation, largely driven by advancements in digital marketing. Digital marketing has become a cornerstone of success in the e-commerce industry, these changes have significantly impacted consumer behavior and purchasing intentions. Method: This study consists of a quantitative approach; thus, we have utilized the survey, which helped us clarify the critical role of digital marketing in shaping consumer behavior in e-commerce. The significant factors include compatibility, trust, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness impact on shaping consumer behavior and purchase intention. Results and Discussion: The results of 285 participants indicate that the regression analysis revealed that trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and digital marketing computability are influential factors in shaping consumer behavior. Research Implications: From a managerial application perspective, an understanding of shaping consumers' behavior and purchase intention. It would assist marketers in establishing, enhancing, and maintaining these strategies in digital marketing. Marketers need to identify those factors to emphasize the impact of digital marketing tools such as social media, search engines, and email which have enhanced businesses' ability to personalize marketing messages, thereby improving consumer engagement and influencing purchasing decisions. Originality/Value: The research findings provide insight into shaping consumer behavior with regard to the compatibility of digital marketing strategies and suggest a way forward for further research. In particular, future research should explore these dynamics in diverse markets and investigate the role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence.

This research paper aims to enhance export intensity and international market competitiveness through logistics performance at the firm level. The effects of customs efficiency and infrastructure on exports, logistics performance, the role of logistics adoption components in enhancing competitiveness, and the impact of competitiveness on corporate exports were also analyzed. The study was based on data collected from export-oriented enterprise managers; the survey was disseminated to managers responsible for exports. A total of 224 replies were gathered, serving as the foundation for the application of the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique for this research. Physical infrastructure was identified as a crucial element in enhancing exports, while the effect of logistics quality on competitiveness levels was significant. The findings further suggest that enhancing the competitiveness of firms has favorable outcomes in boosting their exports. Research examining trade logistics based on survey data is scarce; this gap was addressed through this research. This study presents the first use of the SEM technique in evaluating the impact of logistical efficiency on the export capabilities and competitiveness of individual firms.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate factors that influence consumers to intent use digital payment. Shopping online through E-commerce has experienced rapid growth worldwide, driven by technological advancements and evolving consumer behavior. In Saudi Arabia, this growth is particularly significant due to the nation’s Vision 2030 initiative, which emphasizes digital transformation. Theoretical Framework: Understanding the consumers in-depth of how perceived factors including consumer trust, attitude, and other perceived benefits influence consumer intent to use digital payment with other challenges related to competition and the emergence of globalization, the information and technology revolution significantly influenced the decisions of the consumer to use such as digital payment. Interplay is critical for enhancing e-commerce platforms and meeting the expectations of tech-savvy, cautious, and culturally distinct Saudi consumers. Method: A quantitative approach was conducted to collect data through a questionnaire which helped us clarify the relationships between the independent variables including ease to use, perceived usefulness, trust, and benefits on attitude and intent to use digital payment in Saudi Arabia's e-commerce market. By examining the construction equation model, the study provided a comprehensive framework that guides platform optimization, improves consumer engagement, and enhances conversion rates. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that digital payment are influenced by perceived usefulness, trust, and perceived benefits when shopping on Saudi e-commerce. Platforms will benefit from these features as e-commerce becomes more competitive. The study reveals that perceived usefulness, trust, and perceived benefits are the most significant predictors of consumer intent to use digital payment mediated by consumer's attitude. By offering secure and convenient payment options, building trust through transparency and communication, and increasing desktop and mobile websites easy to use and perceived usefulness, e-commerce platforms can improve browsing and purchase decisions. Research Implications: The implications of this study enhance marketing managers' and researchers' understanding of the significance of factors that influence consumers to use digital payment. Digital payment systems facilitate electronic transactions, making them safe, easy, and fast, which enhances consumer trust and perceptions. Privacy protection and simplifying transactions and benefits which should be mentioned clearly on websites encourage digital payment usage. Originality/Value: The primary data and significant results of this study provide insight into consumers' attitudes with regard to factors that motivate them to use digital payment in Saudi e-commerce. The future research should investigate other factors that might influence consumer attitudes and digital payment such as cultural and social benefits. that is not only but also should apply in other forms such as mobile APPs.

The demand for electronic payment (e-payment) systems in recent years has grown steadily, with a notable acceleration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous studies have investigated user intentions and perceptions regarding the adoption of e-payment technologies. Building on this body of research, the present study proposes a conceptual model that integrates behavioral factors with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to gain deeper insights into consumers’ use of e-payment systems. This study aims to identify key factors that influence users' intention to use e-payment. The researcher designed the study to examine factors that influence consumers' attitudes toward using e-payment, including security, trust, ease of use, perceived usefulness, and e-payment rewards. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing an online survey completed by 215 Saudi citizens. The findings reveal that all the identified factors positively influence user attitudes and intentions toward e-payment usage. Notably, perceived usefulness and ease of use emerged as direct predictors of user behavior. Future research should broaden the range of influencing factors considered in assessing consumer attitudes, such as social influence, and should include control groups based on gender to explore potential demographic differences.