Background: With the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, researchers have begun focusing on the concept of human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI). This field is dedicated to designing AI systems that augment and improve human abilities, rather than substituting them. Objective: The objective of the paper was to review the information on design principles, techniques, applications, methods, and outcomes adopted in the field of HCAI, in order to provide some insights on the discipline, in relation with the broader concepts of human-centered and user-centered design. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist guidelines, we conducted a scoping review in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore, including all study types, excluding narrative reviews and editorials. Results: Out of the 1035 studies retrieved, 14 studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. The main fields of application were the health sector and AI applications. Human-centered design methodologies were adopted in 3 studies, personas in 2 studies, while the remaining methodologies were adopted in individual studies. Conclusions: HCAI emphasizes designing AI systems that prioritize human needs, satisfaction, and trustworthiness, but current principles and guidelines are often vague and difficult to implement. The review highlights the importance of involving users early in the development process to enhance trust, especially in fields like health care, but notes that there is a lack of standardized HCAI methodologies and limited practical applications adhering to these principles.

In this study, we describe smartphone-related activities for nurses' work and nonwork purposes; analyzed the differences between smartphone use and nurses' age, gender, and working environment; and observed the influences that personal digital devices have on nurses' performance. We conducted a cross-sectional and correlational study. A convenience sample of nurses was recruited, composed of 256 nurses, mostly women (74.6%) younger than 30 years of age (59%). This study showed that the most frequent work-related smartphone activity was searching for work-related drug references. Smartphones also helped nurses reduce work-related stress and improve unit cohesion and teamwork. Younger nurses and male nurses were more likely than female nurses to use their digital devices during healthcare activities. In addition, 42% of nurses reported that they were distracted by the use of smartphones. If smartphones are used properly, they are certainly helpful tools for improving patient safety and enabling communication among healthcare staff. Otherwise, smartphones can constitute an important source of distraction and endanger patient safety.

Background: stroke is a major cause of disability and death, globally. Many stroke survivors live with disabilities, requiring significant caregiving support. Caregivers often feel unprepared and burdened, experiencing isolation and health declines. Their well-being and involvement in discharge planning impact post-discharge care quality. Purpose: to investigate the experiences of caregivers of older stroke survivors regarding their expectations in the care pathway during the transitional home program, as this phenomenon is currently understudied in the present context. Methods: by employing a qualitative design, this study utilized a phenomenological approach developed by Cohen. Eighteen caregivers of stroke survivors participated. Findings: four main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) the sense of loss experienced by stroke survivors and perceived by caregivers; (2) the importance of social support in the recovery and well-being of both stroke survivors and caregivers; (3) the increased workload of caregivers; and (4) the lack of awareness of the needs during the transition, leading to resignation when facing complications. Conclusion: the findings highlight the significant impact of stroke on caregivers, affecting both the individual characteristics and social relationships of stroke survivors and their caregivers. There is a need for a nuanced understanding of caregivers’ roles and responsibilities.

As a practice, nursing centers on patients' bodies and how they live the experience of illness and disability through their bodies (embodiment). International nursing studies conducted on the topic of body care primarily include theoretical studies, whereas empirical studies remain sparse. The aim of this study was to describe nurses' perceptions of the role of their bodies and the bodies of patients during body care. This study used a descriptive phenomenological study based on Husserl's philosophical perspective. A purposive sample of 11 Italian registered nurses representing the highest level of nursing education, different clinical experience levels, and different clinical specialties were interviewed. Data were collected between July 2015 and September 2015. Open-ended interviews were analyzed using Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method. Lincoln and Guba's strategies were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. In addition to the overarching theme, “Body care is the heart of nursing,” 4 major themes with 13 subthemes emerged from the data. The 4 major themes were as follows: (1) “Body care encompasses the essence of person”; (2) “Body care touches the heart of person”; (3) “The body generates opposite strategies of care”; and (4) “In time, the body ‘nourishes’ the helping relationship.” Nurses considered body and embodiment concepts central to nursing. Body care is treated as an experience with extraordinary emotional contents, allowing nurses to discover the essentials of human nature.