The development of wave-absorbing materials is of particular crucialness in dealing with electromagnetic wave (EMWs) pollution. Especially in the fields of aerospace and highly integrated electronic devices, where the demand for lightweight, high-efficiency, broadband and multi-functional EMWs absorbing materials is increasing gradually. In this study, through the synergistic regulation of hybrid fillers and micro-nano structures, an EMWs absorbing material with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and micro-nano pore structures has been successfully formed. The prepared Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene@CoFe-MOF@chitosan carbon aerogel significantly enhances the absorption performance of EMWs by stimulating heterogeneous interface polarization relaxation and electromagnetic synergy effects. Under the condition of low density (35.09 mg/cm³), TMC₉₀₀ exhibits a minimum reflection loss of -50.95 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.1 GHz. In addition, TMC₉₀₀ also possesses excellent heat insulation and flame-retardant characteristics, enabling it to be applied in extreme environments. This research clarifies the synergistic regulation mechanism of hybrid fillers and micro-nano structures, opening a new pathway for the design of heterogeneous structures in EMWs absorbing materials.

Temperature/pH-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose/poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) aerogels (CMC/Ca²⁺/PNIPAM aerogels) were developed as a novel drug delivery system. The aerogel has a highly open network structure with a porosity of more than 90%, which provides convenient conditions for drug release. The morphology and structure of the CMC/Ca²⁺/PNIPAM aerogels were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Micro-CT, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), pore size analysis, and cytotoxicity analysis. The analysis results demonstrate that the aerogel is non-toxic and has more active sites, temperatures, and pH response performances. The anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was successfully loaded into aerogels through physical entrapment and hydrogen bonding. The drug loading and sustained-release model of aerogels are used to fit the drug loading and sustained-release curve, revealing the drug loading and sustained-release mechanism, and providing a theoretical basis for the efficient drug loading and sustained release.

Kraft lignin (KL) produced in kraft pulping process has a low molecular weight and solubility, which limits its application in industry. For the first time, KL was polymerized with acrylic acid (AA) in an acidic aqueous suspension system to produce a water soluble lignin–AA polymer with a high molecular weight in this work. The polymerization reaction was carried out using K₂S₂O₈ as an initiator, and the influence of reaction conditions on the carboxylate group content and molecular weight of resultant lignin polymers was systematically investigated. The mechanism of polymerization of KL and AA was discussed fundamentally. The resulting lignin–AA polymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and elemental analyses. The results showed that the phenolic hydroxyl group (Ph-OH) content of KL promoted the polymerization under an acidic environment. Under the conditions of 1.5 wt% of initiator, 3.5 of pH, 10.0 of AA/lignin molar ratio, 0.15 mol L⁻¹ of lignin concentration, 3 h and 80 °C, the carboxylate group content and the molecular weight of the polymer were 7.37 mmol g⁻¹ and 7.4 × 10⁵ g mol⁻¹, respectively. The lignin–AA polymer was water soluble at a 10 g L⁻¹ concentration and a pH higher than 4.5. Furthermore, the flocculation performance of lignin–AA polymer in an aluminium oxide suspension was evaluated. Compared with polyAA, the lignin–AA polymer was a more efficient flocculant for aluminium oxide suspension, which shows its potential to be used as a green flocculant in industry.