Süt ve süt ürünleri içerdikleri yüksek besin değeriyle günlük diyetin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Ancak bu önemli özelliklerinin yanı sıra en fazla hile yapılan gıdalar arasında yer almaktadır. Koyun-keçi sütü ve ürünlerine inek sütünün karıştırılması süt ve süt ürünlerinde en sık karşılaşılan hilelerin başında gelmektedir. Bu durum, tüketiciler tarafından tercih edilmeyen sosyo-ekonomik potansiyel risklere neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada koyun ve keçi sütlerine farklı oranlarda karıştırılan inek sütü miktarının TaqMan Real-Time PCR ile tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla %1, %5, %10, %25, %75 ve %90 oranlarında keçi ve koyun sütlerine inek sütü karıştırılmıştır. Ayrıca saf inek sütünden elde edilen DNA sulandırılarak PCR işleminin duyarlılığı araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, koyun ve keçi sütlerine karıştırılan %1 inek sütü ve 0,003 ng DNA varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda TaqMan Real-Time PCR’ın koyun ve keçi sütlerine karıştırılan düşük düzeydeki inek sütünün tespit edilmesinde güvenilir ve hassas bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease in domestic cats caused by a group of hemotropic Mycoplasma species, including three main species: Mycoplasma hemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma hemominutum (CMhm), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt). The primary objective of this investigation was to ascertain the molecular prevalence and characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic cats from twenty-three districts of Konya province in Türkiye. For this purpose, 384 apparently healthy cats belonging to different breeds were enrolled in this study. The molecular prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. in cats was 9.4%, and the identified species included Mhf, Mycoplasma hemocanis (Mhc), CMt, and CMhm. The molecular prevalence was not significantly associated with district, breed, or gender (p > 0.05) but was significantly associated with age and ownership status (p < 0.05). The study found that all cats with Mycoplasma spp. were older than one year and that the infection had a higher prevalence in stray cats than in owned cats (p < 0.05). Although there are studies conducted in different provinces, data on the molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the species causing feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis are scarce in Türkiye. This study, which provides updated data concerning the molecular characterization and phylogeny of hemotropic Mycoplasma species of cats in Türkiye, revealed the Mycoplasma spp. molecular prevalence in Konya province for the first time and provided remarkable findings that will fill the scientific gap in the country. The molecular characterization of these hemotropic mycoplasmas is crucial for understanding their epidemiology and developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis. It is anticipated that the data from the study will raise awareness among pet owners, veterinarians, and healthcare professionals of feline hemotropic Mycoplasma agents with zoonotic potential.

This study examined the developmental and genotype dependent expression of key myogenic (MYOD1, MYOG, PAX7), growth related (IGF1, GHR, MSTN), mitochondrial (ANT, COXIII, UCP), and antioxidant (SOD1, CAT) genes in skeletal muscles of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Muscle samples from pectoralis major (glycolytic) and biceps femoris (oxidative) were collected at post hatch days 3 and 42 from three genotypes (Japanese, Jumbo, and Texas). RT-qPCR data, normalized with ACTB, revealed distinct stage, muscle, and genotype dependent regulation across gene groups. Early post hatch stages showed elevated expression of MYOD1, MYOG, and IGF1, associated with active myoblast proliferation, while MSTN and UCP increased at day 42, reflecting developmental stage-related changes associated with muscle maturation and metabolic adaptation. ANT and COXIII showed higher expression in biceps femoris, consistent with enhanced oxidative metabolism, whereas UCP expression was higher at day 42, predominantly in the pectoralis major. Antioxidant genes exhibited muscle specific expression: SOD1 and CAT were consistently higher in biceps femoris, suggesting stronger redox regulation in oxidative muscle fibers. Several genes also displayed significant interaction effects among developmental stage, muscle type, and genotype, highlighting context dependent regulation of individual gene expression patterns related to muscle growth and metabolism. Overall, these findings describe robust expression differences between the two post hatch stages examined and underscore that muscle type and genetic background contribute to the regulation of myogenic, growth related, mitochondrial, and antioxidant genes in quail skeletal muscle.

Heat stress is a significant environmental factor in poultry production, negatively impacting growth performance, egg yield, and mortality rates. The present work examines how short- and long-term thermal exposure modulates liver expression patterns of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) genes in the liver tissue of 6-week-old male Texas quail (Coturnix japonica). A total of 24 quail randomly assigned into three experimental groups: a thermoneutral control group (24 ± 1 °C), a group maintained under heat-stress conditions for an 8 hour duration (34 ± 1 °C), and maintained under heat-stress conditions for a 24 hours (34 ± 1 °C). Liver tissues were collected after heat exposure, and cDNA synthesis was performed following total RNA isolation. SYBR Green-based qRT-PCR was employed to quantify gene expression levels. o compare the experimental groups, a one-way ANOVA was used, and pairwise comparisons were conducted with the Tukey test. Compared with the control group, both heat-stressed groups exhibited a significant elevation in HSP70 expression (p < 0.001). GR expression was similar in the control group and the 8-hour heat stress group, while it was showed a significantly higher level in the 24-hour heat stress group (p = 0.003). AMPKα expression was similarly higher in both heat stress groups. In conclusion, it was shown that the liver tissue of Texas quail develops a significant molecular response to acute heat stress. The expression profiles of HSP70, GR, and AMPKα genes suggest that they can be used as potential molecular biomarkers in the assessment of heat stress in poultry.