Two chromone derivatives C₁₁H₁₀O₃ (1) and C₁₁H₁₀O₂ (2) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray structural studies with a detailed analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots facilitating a comparison of intermolecular interactions in building different supramolecular architectures. The title compounds are associated through π–stacking interactions and the linear stacking of π–π forces can be thought as the influencing agent for the organization of the title compounds into hydrogen bonded supramolecular layers and are responsible as well for the strengthening of the molecular assembly. Investigation of the intermolecular interactions and crystal packing via Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that more than two-thirds of the close contacts are associated with weak interactions. The fingerprint plots demonstrate that these weak interactions are important for both local and crystal packing. A comparison of the Hirshfeld surface in the compounds with similar substituted chromone derivatives in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has been presented.

Self-assembly through tuning the N-donor ligand and coordinative preferences of Cd(II) ions, two metal–organic frameworks, namely {[Cd(L1)₂(Cl)₂]_n·H₂O} (1) and {[CdCl₃]⁻·[H(L1)]⁺}_n (2) where, (L1) = 2-amino-5-nitropyridine, have been synthesized at different pH values under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The structural diversities of both the complexes reveal that the pH value of the reaction system plays a crucial role in the assembly of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The X-ray single crystal diffractions show that the formed two complexes reveal a diversified structure with novel layer architecture. As anticipated, both complexes are interlinked through hydrogen bonding interactions affording supramolecular frameworks, but surprisingly, complex 2 exhibit both anion⋯π and lone-pair⋯π interactions in the solid-state assembly. Intricate combinations of anion⋯π/π⋯lone-pair interactions lead to the remarkable unusual supramolecular framework in 2. Investigation of Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals a much more detailed scrutiny of intermolecular interactions experienced by each complex. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was successfully deployed here to visualize and elaborate the similarities and differences in the molecular environments of the two complexes.