Plant-associated yeasts play significant ecological roles within the microbiomes of soils and pollinating insects. In previous studies, we have shown that yeasts can assist pollinators in locating nectar, which is crucial for their nutrition and the reproduction of many angiosperms. Additionally, in soil, yeasts can also act as plant growth promoters. Given the importance of yeasts for plant development, this review first explores the biochemical processes underlying the ecological role of these microorganisms in soil, insects, and in direct association with plants. Based on this premise, we discuss the influence of these relationships on agricultural production, the biological mechanisms through which pesticides negatively affect yeast cells, and how these microorganisms can tolerate widely used agrochemicals. Finally, we address key studies in the literature that support the potential of these microorganisms as bioremediation agents. In this context, we emphasize different experiences with both indigenous and genetically engineered yeasts, which may display enzymes in their surfaces that convert pesticides into less harmful or nontoxic molecules. Our review indicates that yeasts can be effectively harnessed in organic agriculture to promote plant growth and bioremediate contaminated soil or food.

Plant-associated yeasts can also be part of soils’ and pollinating-insects’ microbiomes, where they play significant ecological roles. Indeed, in previous studies, we have shown that yeasts may help pollinators find nectar, which is crucial for their nutrition and for the reproduction of many angiosperms, and, in the soil, can act as plant-growth promoters. Given the importance of yeasts for plant development, in this review, we first delve deep into the biochemical processes behind the ecological role of these microorganisms in soil, insects, and in direct association with plants. Based on this premise, we discuss the influence of this relationship on agricultural production and the possible effects of pesticide use on the yeast microbiota. Finally, we address the most relevant studies in the literature that support the potential of these microorganisms (either indigenous or genetically engineered) as bioremediation agents for soils and foods contaminated by pesticides. Our review indicates that yeasts can be satisfactorily employed in organic agriculture to increase plant growth or bioremediate contaminated soil or food.