This Letter presents a novel absolute phase recovery technique with phase coding. Unlike the conventional gray-coding method, the codeword is embedded into the phase and then used to determine the fringe order for absolute phase retrieval. This technique is robust because it uses phase instead of intensity to determine codewords, and it could achieve a faster measurement speed, since three additional images can represent more than $8(2^3)$ unique codewords for phase unwrapping. Experimental results will be presented to verify the performance of the proposed technique.

The previously proposed binary defocusing technique and its variations have proven successful for high-quality three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement when fringe stripes are relatively narrow, but they suffer if fringe stripes are wide. This paper proposes to utilize the binary dithering technique to conquer this challenge. Both simulation and experimental results show the phase error is always less than 0.6% even when the fringe stripes are wide and the projector is nearly focused.

The technique of generating sinusoidal fringe patterns by defocusing squared binary structured ones has numerous merits for high-speed three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. However, it is challenging for this method to realize a multifrequency phase-shifting (MFPS) algorithm because it is difficult to simultaneously generate high-quality sinusoidal fringe patterns with different periods. This paper proposes to realize an MFPS algorithm utilizing an optimal pulse width modulation (OPWM) technique that can selectively eliminate high-order harmonics of squared binary patterns. We successfully develop a 556 Hz system utilizing a three-frequency algorithm for simultaneously measuring multiple objects.

This paper presents a two-frequency binary phase-shifting technique to measure three-dimensional (3D) absolute shape of beating rabbit hearts. Due to the low contrast of the cardiac surface, the projector and the camera must remain focused, which poses challenges for any existing binary method where the measurement accuracy is low. To conquer this challenge, this paper proposes to utilize the optimal pulse width modulation (OPWM) technique to generate high-frequency fringe patterns, and the error-diffusion dithering technique to produce low-frequency fringe patterns. Furthermore, this paper will show that fringe patterns produced with blue light provide the best quality measurements compared to fringe patterns generated with red or green light; and the minimum data acquisition speed for high quality measurements is around 800 Hz for a rabbit heart beating at 180 beats per minute.

A new non-pillar mining technology, gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting (GERRC), different from the conventional gob-side entry retaining formed by a roadside filling support, is introduced in this study. In the new technology, roof cutting is conducted so that the roof plate forms a short cantilever beam structure within a certain range above the retained entry, thus changing the stress boundary condition of the roof structure. To explore the deformation characteristics of the roof under this special condition, a short cantilever beam mechanical model was established and solved using energy theory and displacement variational methods. Meanwhile, a theoretical and analytical control solution for roof deformation was obtained and verified via field-measured results. Based on the aforementioned calculation, the relationship between the roof deformation and main influence parameters was explored. It was concluded that the rotation of the upper main roof and width of the retained entry had the most significant impacts on roof deformation. Bolt and cable support and temporary support in the entry had a non-obvious influence on the roof deformation and could not prevent the given deformation that was caused by the rotation of the upper main roof. Based on comprehensive theoretical analysis and calculation results, ideas and countermeasures to control short cantilever roof deformation—that is, designing a reasonable height of roof cutting and a controlled width of retaining entry—were proposed and tested. Field monitoring shows that the entry control effects were satisfactory.