Currently, microgrids are a reliable solution for integrating distributed energy resources and managing demand on electricity grids, serving as a pathway towards a responsible energy transition. However, the evolving needs of the sector require specialized approaches to enhance grid flexibility and support the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and their rising demand. This article explores and characterizes various advanced and innovative services offered by microgrids to improve the resilience, security, and reliability of electricity grids. It analyzes technical advances and novel control methodologies that demonstrate the potential for microgrids beyond mere energy provision. These include ancillary services, services aligned with demand response programs, and advanced asset management and energy resource optimization services. A global case study is conducted to provide a framework for the services that microgrids can provide. The case study validates the efficiency and reliability of electric grids with microgrids and addresses challenges related to their stability and resilience. This research provides a comprehensive perspective on the benefits of implementing microgrids and proposes new guidelines for the deployment of these systems in both urban and rural areas within the framework of energy communities in the Colombian electricity system, emphasizing the need for collaboration among stakeholders to ensure sustainable energy solutions.

Microgrids (MGs) have emerged as pivotal players in the energy transition by enabling the efficient integration of distributed energy resources and the provision of ancillary services to the power system. Despite their technical capabilities, MGs still face economic and regulatory barriers that hinder their widespread deployment in electricity markets. This paper presents a structured methodological framework to assess the economic viability of MGs delivering services such as peak shaving, loss compensation, and voltage support, among others. The proposed approach considers three distinct scenarios: (1) MGs supplying energy to local loads, (2) hybrid MGs combining local supply with ancillary services, and (3) MGs exclusively dedicated to ancillary services. The framework incorporates adjusted levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), levelized avoided cost of electricity (LACE), and net value metrics, while accounting for tax incentives and market price signals. A case study based in Colombia (Cali and Camarones) validates the framework through simulations conducted in HOMER Pro V3.18.4 and MATLAB Online. The results indicate that remuneration schemes based on availability and service utilization significantly enhance the viability of MGs. The proposed methodology is applicable to emerging regulatory environments and offers guidance for designing public policies that promote the active participation of MGs in supporting grid operations.