Dapsone is a sulfone used in treating inflammatory skin conditions. Despite its widespread dermatological use, the pharmacological actions of dapsone remain poorly understood. Here, we examined how different aspects of neutrophil functions are affected by dapsone. Peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy donors were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), or calcium ionophore (CaI) or primed with cytokines prior to stimulation, in the presence of different concentrations of dapsone (from 10 to 50 µg/mL), followed by analyses of their survival, phenotype, and functional properties. We found that dapsone at the concentration of 50 μg/mL induced a significant neutrophil apoptotic rate during 6 h and 18 h, while other concentrations were well tolerated compared to control non-treated cells. However, dapsone significantly decreased the induced oxidative burst of neutrophils at all non-cytotoxic concentrations. Additionally, dapsone showed a dose-dependent suppression of NETosis in activated neutrophils. The production of IL-8 by dapsone-treated neutrophils was decreased under both stimulated (fMLP) and primed (TNF-α/fMLP) conditions. Moreover, dapsone inhibited the expression of CD11b/CD18, CD66, and CD89 and reversed or significantly mitigated the downregulation of CD16, CD32, CD181, CD88, and CD62L on neutrophils after priming and fMLP stimulation. In conclusion, our results indicate the complexity of dapsone actions on neutrophil functions, extending previous knowledge on the suppression of oxidative burst and IL-8 production upon neutrophils’ activation. Suppressed NETosis and modulation of marker expression associated with different neutrophil functions under inflammatory conditions are new findings, not recognized previously.

Introduction. Knowledge of orbital anthropometry is essential for reconstructive surgery, ophthalmology and forensic identification, yet normative multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data for this region are scarce. The aim was to determine the principal orbital parameters in adults without orbital pathology and to examine sex, age and side differences. Method. In this retrospective study, 154 orbits in 77 adults (51 men, 26 women; aged 24-86 years) were measured on three-dimensional reconstructions from a 64-slice MSCT scanner. Orbital height, width, volume, orbital index and the interorbital and biorbital distances were recorded and compared by sex, age group and side. Results. Men had significantly greater orbital width, volume and biorbital and interorbital distances than women bilaterally (p ≤ 0.009), whereas orbital height did not differ by sex. The right orbital index was higher in women (90.02 ± 6.45 versus 86.36 ± 7.26; p = 0.034). In the older group the right orbit showed greater height, volume and orbital index (p ≤ 0.031), with no significant age effect on the left. The right orbit was significantly wider and had a higher orbital index than the left (p ≤ 0.011), while orbital volume was symmetrical (p = 0.099). Conclusion. Orbital morphometry is sex-, age- and side-dependent, and the MSCT-derived values reported here provide population-specific reference data for clinical and forensic use.