This study focused on the synthesis, properties, and antibiological activity of NiO nanoparticles derived from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aminobenzoic acid (P-ABA) derivatives by calcination method. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple, cost-effective method that involved the thermal decomposition of PVA and the incorporation of aminobenzoic acid. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Kinetic analysis, and the thermal properties of nickel(II) metal complex in dynamic air were analyzed via TG and DTG. The kinetic analyses and thermodynamic parameters (∆H*, ∆G*, and ∆S*) for this compound were calculated by the Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger methods. The obtained kinetic parameters displayed the kinetic compensation effect. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and (FT-IR) were employed to confirm the formation, morphology, and structural properties of the nanoparticles. The results indicated the successful synthesis of NiO nanoparticles with distinct crystalline phases and difference distributions. XRD confirmed that the resulting oxide was pure single-crystalline NiO nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the crystallite size of nickel oxide nano-crystals was in the range of 26–36 nm. The magnetic moment was 2.59 B.M for Ni(II) complex. The antibiological activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against bacterial strains, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The findings revealed significant antimicrobial properties, with the NiO nanoparticles demonstrating higher inhibitory effects against bacterial and fungal strains. This study highlights the potential of PVA and aminobenzoic acid derivatives as effective precursors for producing metal oxide nanoparticles with promising applications in antimicrobial treatments and materials science.

Smart colorimetric packaging has been an important method to protect human health from external hazardous agents. However, the currently available colorimetric detectors use synthetic dye probes, which are costly, toxic, difficult to prepare, and non-biodegradable. Herein, an environmentally friendly cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-supported polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membrane was developed for the colorimetric monitoring of food spoilage. Anthocyanidin (ACY) is a naturally occurring spectroscopic probe that was isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). By encapsulating the anthocyanin probe in electrospun polyvinyl alcohol fibers in the presence of a mordant (M), M/ACY nanoparticles were generated. After exposure to rotten shrimp, an investigation on the colorimetric changes from purple to green for the smart nanofibrous fabric was conducted using the coloration parameters and absorbance spectra. In response to increasing the length of exposure to rotten shrimp, the absorption spectra of the anthocyanin-encapsulated nanofibrous membrane showed a wavelength blueshift from 580 nm to 412 nm. CNC displayed a diameter of 12–17 nm. The nanoparticle diameter of M/ACY was monitored in the range of 8–13 nm, and the nanofiber diameter was shown in the range of 70–135 nm. Slight changes in comfort properties were monitored after encapsulating M/ACY in the nanofibrous fabric.

A cost-effective calcination method achieved a successful synthesis of Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) precursors with para aminobenzoic acid (P-ABA) derivatives. The PVA thermal decomposition served as the primary synthesis method for integrating P-ABA to produce CuO nanoparticles. A group of analytical techniques provided the tools for the characterization of these nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the resulting crystals belonged to the monoclinic crystal system with an average particle diameter reaching 28 nm. The prepared CuO nanoparticles underwent thermal investigation through thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and its corresponding differential thermogravimetric (DTG) measurement. The Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods helped determine the kinetic parameters as well as thermodynamic properties of Δ H *, Δ G *, and Δ S *. TEM alongside SEM studies provided observations of nanostructures while investigating structural and morphological characteristics. FTIR spectroscopy identified functional areas that proved the substance’s presence. The antibiological assessment of synthesized CuO nanoparticles tested their effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal pathogens. The results demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, highlighting the potential applications of CuO nanoparticles in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

A series of novel tricyanofuran-hydrazone chromophores were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The prepared hydrazones displayed solvatochromic activity in different organic solvents. The tricyanofuran-hydrazone was imprinted onto a paper strip as an optical solid-state sensor for aqueous and gaseous ammonia. Due to their reversible halochromism-driven molecular switching, the hydrazone dyes showed variable sensitivity towards different concentrations of aqueous ammonia. The strong electron-withdrawing tricyanofuran fragment promotes a proton transfer from the hydrazone moiety to ammonia, which allows for the recognition of ammonia vapor. The resulting paper sensor demonstrated a reversible sensitivity to ammonia vapor. Using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, the dinitro-substituted chromophore showed the strongest antibacterial activity. It was effective against A. fumigatus, C. albicans, E. coli, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, with MIC values of <226, <198, <122, <71, and <38, respectively. Thus, the dinitro-substituted chromophore appears to be a promising antibacterial agent. The theoretical molecular docking study of the produced series against a protein of interest (PDB: 1lnz) was performed to assign the binding and type of interaction between ligand and protein amino acids. The pharmacokinetic properties of potential drug candidates for the synthesized chromophores were simulated to determine their efficacy and safety profiles.

This study reports on a novel carrageenan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CGN-CMC) blended hydrogel synthesized using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a biodegradable crosslinker. This represents the first reported instance of using ECH as a crosslinker for CGN-CMC blends. The hydrogels were characterized using FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC, and AFM. Swelling and absorbance under load (AUL) measurements were conducted to evaluate water absorption characteristics. Characterization results revealed that CGN-CMC-ECH hydrogels exhibited a 5% increase in thermal stability, 40% enhancement in surface smoothness, and 45% improvement in water retention capacity compared to the precursor materials. This indicated that ECH led to a more stable and structurally enhanced hydrogel formation. The efficiency of the best-performing CGN-CMC-8ECH blend in removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions was evaluated. The influence of initial solution pH and metal ion concentration on adsorption was also investigated. The hydrogel achieved maximum removal efficiencies of 90% for Cu (II), 80% for Pb (II), and 78% for Ni (II). Isotherm analysis indicated multilayer sorption of all metal ions onto the hydrogel surface, aligning with the Freundlich model. The hydrogels showed significant potential as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for heavy metal remediation wastewater treatment applications.