Background: Patients with nonunion experience pain, mobility problems, and physical activity limitations; require long-term, costly treatment; and cannot resume work. Some authors recommend the use of pharmaceutical agents as an adjunct therapy in fracture and nonunion treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ossein–hydroxyapatite complex used as an adjunct therapy in nonunion treatment with the Ilizarov external fixator. Methods: In this retrospective study, we assessed 31 patients (nine women, 22 men) at a mean age of 47 years (29–68 years), who were receiving osteogenon, with aseptic tibial shaft nonunion treated with the Ilizarov external fixator in the period 2019–2023, designated as Group 1. The control group comprised 29 patients (five women, 24 men), at a mean age of 48 years, with aseptic tibial shaft nonunion treated with the Ilizarov external fixator, who did not receive osteogenon during treatment, designated as Group 2. We assessed the following parameters—duration of Ilizarov fixation, achieved bone union, time to resuming normal physical activity, maintained bone union, time to complete pain relief, the number of patients reporting complete pain relief, the number of patients who were fitted with a cast or splint following Ilizarov fixator removal, and the rate of complications. Results: The median time to Ilizarov fixator removal was 275 days in Group 1 and 218 days in Group 2. In Group 1, bone union was observed in 100% of patients, in Group 2, 93% of patients achieved bone union. This difference was statistically significant, p = 0.041. Maintained bone union was observed in 85.7% of patients from the osteogenon group and in 79.3% of patients from the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant. There were no differences between groups in the median time to resuming normal physical activity, the median time to achieving pain relief, the rate of complications, and the rate of pain relief. Conclusions: The use of ossein–hydroxyapatite complex has a beneficial effect on fracture nonunion treatment with the Ilizarov method. The use of osteogenon helps increase the proportion of patients with fracture nonunion who achieve bone union following treatment with the Ilizarov method. Osteogenon does not significantly affect complication rates, time to fixator removal, time to achieving pain relief, time to resuming normal physical activity, maintained bone union rates, or the proportion of patients who achieve pain relief.

The article presents the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented to the hospital for a diagnosis of persistent headaches. The patient had been unsuccessfully treated for two months, developing further complications in the form of visual disturbances and abducens nerve palsy. The patient reported a recent tick bite. Imaging studies in the form of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and transcranial Doppler ultrasound showed no abnormalities. In the next step, a lumbar puncture was performed, which yielded clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with marked lymphocytic pleocytosis (122 cells/μL). CSF analysis confirmed the intrathecal synthesis of antibodies to Borrelia. Based on the clinical picture including the complications the patient developed, along with a history of tick bites, a diagnosis of neuroborreliosis with cranial nerve involvement was made. After starting antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, the patient showed significant clinical improvement after a few days. It should be remembered that in the course of Lyme disease, the nervous system can often be involved, resulting in many bothersome and unusual symptoms, which often make it difficult to make a correct diagnosis.

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common disorder of follicular keratinization characterized by keratotic perifollicular papules with variable erythema and, in some patients, dyspigmentation. Although benign, KP may generate substantial cosmetic concern and psychosocial burden. Therapeutic management remains challenging because available interventions often produce incomplete and temporary improvement, and the evidence base is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous study designs, short follow-up, and inconsistent outcome measures. This narrative literature review synthesizes current evidence on treatment of KP, emphasizing topical keratolytics, retinoids, anti-inflammatory agents, laser- and light-based therapies, and emerging approaches. A separate section addresses keratosis pilaris atrophicans (KPA) and keratosis pilaris rubra faciei/rubra (KPRF/KPR), which warrant a distinct therapeutic approach because erythema, inflammation, and scarring risk may predominate over texture alone. Overall, treatment is difficult and rarely curative; however, a careful, phenotype-directed, stepwise approach can yield clinically meaningful improvement in roughness, erythema, and pigmentary change. Aim: The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic approaches used in the treatment of keratosis pilaris. It outlines the roles of topical agents, procedural therapies, and emerging interventions, and reviews both commonly used treatments with broader clinical experience and newer or less well-established modalities supported by limited evidence. It also addresses variant-specific management of keratosis pilaris rubra/rubra faciei and keratosis pilaris atrophicans, in which erythema, inflammation, and scarring risk may influence treatment selection. Material and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords “keratosis pilaris,” “keratosis pilaris rubra faciei,” and “treatment.” Additional relevant articles were identified through reference screening. Original studies, review articles, and other clinically relevant sources on therapeutic approaches and treatment outcomes were considered for this narrative review. Conclusions: Keratosis pilaris and its erythematous variants can be challenging to treat, currently available therapies may provide meaningful clinical improvement, particularly when selected according to the predominant phenotype and patient-specific concerns. Further high-quality studies are needed to refine treatment strategies and strengthen the evidence base for individualized management.