Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a challenging disease, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) being a key target for new, effective treatments crucial for the signaling pathways regulating cancer cell survival. Targeting EGFR-mediated signaling offers promising strategies to improve NSCLC therapies, particularly in overcoming resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of panduratin A, a naturally occurring flavonoid from Boesenbergia rotunda, on human NSCLC cell lines expressing both wild-type EGFR (A549) and mutant EGFR (H1975) using in vitro experiments and molecular docking approaches. Cytotoxicity screening revealed that panduratin A exhibits potent effects on both A549 (IC₅₀ of 6.03 ± 0.21 µg/mL) and H1975 (IC₅₀ of 5.58 ± 0.15 µg/mL) cell lines while demonstrating low toxicity to normal MRC5 lung cells (12.96 ± 0.36 µg/mL). Furthermore, western blotting and flow cytometric analyses indicated that panduratin A induces apoptosis by inhibiting p-EGFR and its downstream effectors, p-STAT3 and p-Akt, in lung cancer cells. Additionally, the docking study showed lower binding energy between panduratin A and the target proteins, comparable to that of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs). The ADMET prediction also highlighted panduratin A’s exceptional drug-like properties. This study concludes that panduratin A shows significant promise as an anti-lung cancer candidate for NSCLC, offering an economical and effective strategy.

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the degeneration of cholinergic neurons, which is primarily driven by the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and oxidative stress. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of the cannabis-containing herbal remedy Suk-Saiyasna in alleviating amyloid β42 (Aβ42)-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on AChE were evaluated in vitro. The AChE inhibitory potential of 167 ligands, including cannabinoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids derived from Suk-Saiyasna, was assessed using ADMET analysis and molecular docking techniques. The results demonstrated that the Suk-Saiyasna extract exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging effect with an IC₅₀ value of 27.40 ± 1.15 µg/mL and notable AChE inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 1.25 ± 0.35 mg/mL. Importantly, at a concentration of 1 µg/mL, the extract significantly protected cells from Aβ42-induced stress compared to controls. Docking studies revealed that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), mesuaferrone B, piperine, β-sitosterol, and chlorogenic acid exhibited substantial binding affinities to AChE, surpassing reference drugs like galantamine and rivastigmine. Furthermore, in silico ADMET predictions indicated that Δ⁹-THC and piperine possessed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, including solubility, absorption, and blood–brain barrier permeability, with no neurotoxicity or carcinogenicity associated with Δ⁹-THC.

Background: Suk-Saiyasna is a traditional Thai herbal remedy that comprises 12 distinct herbs. Among these, cannabis leaves constitute 12 of the total 78 components in this formulation. This study specifically examines the portion of the cannabis plant, which accounts for approximately 15.8% of the overall herbal composition used in the entire remedy. According to the Thailand Narcotics Act of 2022, the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) concentration in herbal extracts must not exceed 0.2% by weight. This study aims to quantify the levels of Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD) in commercial Suk-Saiyasna products. Methodology: This research utilizes Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) to identify the optimal solvent for ultrasonic extraction, thereby maximizing cannabinoid yield. An advanced method was developed employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), compliant with AOAC standards to meet regulatory guidelines. The method validation emphasized specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Results: Dichloromethane was chosen due to its favorable HSP values, enabling highly efficient extraction of Δ9-THC and CBD, achieving recovery rates of over 99.9% after the second extraction. This investigation benefits from the accuracy of the UHPLC-MS/MS technique in quantifying cannabinoids in commercial products, with Δ9-THC concentrations observed between 0.00231% and 0.14218%, and CBD concentrations ranging from 0.00002% to 0.01541%, all remaining below the legal limit. Conclusions: The variability in cannabinoid concentrations among various commercial products highlights the need for standardization in the herbal industry. This finding underscores the critical role of rigorous quality control measures in ensuring the safety and efficacy of cannabis-derived products.

The bioactive flavonoids pinostrobin (PN) and panduratin A (PA) from Boesenbergia rotunda are essential for research and therapeutic applications. This study introduces an innovative method utilizing ultrasound-assisted extraction with n-hexane pre-treatment, followed by one-step centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) purification. Extraction efficiency was evaluated using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and the isolated compounds were characterized through ¹H-NMR and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), adhering to AOAC validation guidelines. Optimal extraction conditions comprised a particle size of 125 μm, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, and a 10 min extraction time, yielding a crude extract of 6.96 ± 0.07%. Using an n-hexane/MeOH/water (5/3.4/1.6, v/v) solvent system in ascending mode, PN (2.16 mg, 98.78% purity) and PA (0.4 mg, 99.69% purity) were isolated from 67 mg of crude extract within 30 min. This streamlined approach enhances purification efficiency, allowing for faster extraction and higher purity, making it a suitable method for commercial applications.

The Pet-Sang-Kard mixed herbal remedy (PSKMHR) is a traditional Thai medicinal formulation used as an herbal supplement for the treatment of hemorrhoids. This remedy consists of four specific herbal ingredients in the following proportions: 50 parts Cissus quadrangularis L. stems, 15 parts Eclipta prostrata L. aerial parts, 10 parts Rheum sp. rhizome, and 10 parts Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. rhizome. This study presents the development, validation, and application of a high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) method designed for the simultaneous quantification of 13 key bioactive compounds, including rhaponticin, rhapontigenin, quercitrin, wedelolactone, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, alpinetin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, and panduratin A, present in the 70% ethanolic extract of PSKMHR. Method validation was conducted in accordance with Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC) international guidelines, evaluating parameters such as the specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of detection. The results demonstrated exceptional linearity (R > 0.9999), high precision (% RSD < 2), and recovery rates within acceptable limits (98–102%) for all analytes. This developed method was successfully applied to quantify the 13 target compounds in the crude extracts of PSKMHR formulated from 10 market raw material samples, providing a robust analytical framework for quality control of this herbal remedy.