Allometric model for estimating leaf area in clonal varieties of coffee (Coffea canephora)

Este trabalho objetivou determinar o método de correção de estande mais adequado aos dados de produtividade na cultura do milho, na avaliação de 33 cultivares, em oito ambientes. Os métodos avaliados foram: sem correção, regra de três, método de Zuber, covariância de estande médio, covariância de estande ideal, o método proposto por Cruz, o método proposto por Vencovsky & Cruz, e o proposto neste trabalho, de correção estratificada com base no agrupamento de cultivares, para a característica estande, pelo teste de Scott & Knott. O método proposto neste trabalho, o de covariância de estande ideal e o de Vencovsky & Cruz foram mais adequados para essa correção, pois apresentaram baixos valores de coeficiente de variação e altos valores de F, confirmados pelos baixos valores de Pi e Pi multivariado na análise conjunta. Os métodos de regra de três e o proposto por Cruz apresentaram as maiores médias de produção, o que superestima o valor real da produção média. O método proposto neste trabalho foi eficiente em corrigir as cultivares, uma vez que as cultivares mais produtivas foram também as de maior potencial em deixar descendentes, medido pelo estande médio.

The objective of this work was to study the distribution of values of the coefficient of variation (CV) in the experiments of papaya crop (Carica papaya L.) by proposing ranges to guide researchers in their evaluation for different characters in the field. The data used in this study were obtained by bibliographical review in Brazilian journals, dissertations and thesis. This study considered the following characters: diameter of the stalk, insertion height of the first fruit, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit biomass, fruit length, equatorial diameter of the fruit, pulp thickness, fruit firmness, soluble solids and internal cavity diameter, from which, value ranges were obtained for the CV values for each character, based on the methodology proposed by Garcia, Costa and by the standard classification of Pimentel-Gomes. The results obtained in this study indicated that ranges of CV values were different among various characters, presenting a large variation, which justifies the necessity of using specific evaluation range for each character. In addition, the use of classification ranges obtained from methodology of Costa is recommended.

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic embryogenesis in juvenile explants of the THB papaya cultivar. Apical shoots and cotyledonary leaves were inoculated in an induction medium composed of different concentrations of 2,4-D (6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 µM) or 4-CPA (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 µM). The embryogenic calluses were transferred to a maturation medium for 30 days. Histological analysis were done during the induction and scanning electron microscopy after maturing. For both types of auxin, embryogenesis was achieved at higher frequencies with cotyledonary leaves incubated in induction medium than with apical shoots; except for callogenesis. The early-stage embryos (e.g., globular or heart-shape) predominated. Among the auxins, best results were observed in cotyledonary leaves induced with 4-CPA (25 µM). Histological analyses of the cotyledonary leaf-derived calluses confirmed that the somatic embryos (SEs) formed from parenchyma cells, predominantly differentiated via indirect and multicellular origin and infrequently via synchronized embryogenesis. The secondary embryogenesis was observed during induction and maturation phases in papaya THB cultivar. The combination of ABA (0.5 µM) and AC (15 g L-1) in maturation medium resulted in the highest somatic embryogenesis induction frequency (70 SEs callus-1) and the lowest percentage of early germination (4%).