The NLRC4 inflammasome is a cytosolic immune sensor that detects bacterial virulence structures and rapidly initiates inflammatory responses. While tightly regulated NLRC4 activation is essential for host defense, genetic mutations that enhance NLRC4 signaling can drive severe autoinflammatory disease. Studies in patients and genetically engineered mouse models have begun to reveal how dysregulated NLRC4 activation disrupts intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. This review summarizes current insights into NLRC4-associated autoinflammatory diseases, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms underlying autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis, and highlights emerging concepts related to disease heterogeneity and therapeutic targeting.

Seaweed’s are abundant reservoir for biologically active molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and protease inhibition activities. The multifunctional properties of glycosides from seaweed could be utilized to treat diverse pathologic aetiologies of various human diseases. There are many pathological implications, of which the neurodegeneration is a relentless neurological disorder, which is characterized by progressive atrophy in the nervous system. Reports on the use of bioactive molecules from the seaweeds for the neurodegeneration is least explored. The present study characterizes the therapeutically important active molecule from the methanolic extracts of Turbinaria ornata and was used to assess the neurological progressive atrophy ability of the same. Two major fractions, MWTO (Methanol: Water (1:1) fraction from T. ornata) and MTO (Methanol fraction from T. ornata) were purified and eluted by column chromatography and the functional group was found to be glycoside’s. The MWTO fraction showed promising antioxidant, anti-proteolytic, anti-haemolytic and anticoagulant properties compared to the MTO fraction. The acetylcholine and butyrylcholine esterase inhibition activity of the MWTO were observed as 92.21% and 54.45% at 250µg, respectively. The in-vitro study revealed that MWTO could prevent cytotoxicity and ROS formation in SH-SY5Y cells and significantly enhance the cell proliferation (50%), thus could halt the progressive atrophy of the disease in the neurons. Later, MWTO was subjected to chemical characterization by UHPLC-ESI/MS and predicted the aglycone molecule of triterpenoid Oleanolic acid with the deprotonated molecular mass of 455m/z. Therefore, the therapeutically active MWTO could be used to combat neurodegeneration and related diseases.