Soil moisture plays a crucial role in various hydrological processes and energy partitioning of the global surface. The Soil Moisture Active Passive-Sentinel (SMAP-Sentinel) remote-sensing technology has demonstrated great potential for monitoring soil moisture with a maximum spatial resolution of 1 km. This capability can be applied to improve the weather forecast accuracy, enhance water management for agriculture, and managing climate-related disasters. Despite the techniques being increasingly used worldwide, their accuracy still requires field validation in specific regions like Thailand. In this paper, we report on the extensive in situ monitoring of soil moisture (from surface up to 1 m depth) at 10 stations across Thailand, spanning the years 2021 to 2023. The aim was to validate the SMAP surface-soil moisture (SSM) Level 2 product over a period of two years. Using a one-month averaging approach, the study revealed linear relationships between the two measurement types, with the coefficient of determination (R-squared) varying from 0.13 to 0.58. Notably, areas with more uniform land use and topography such as croplands tended to have a better coefficient of determination. We also conducted detailed soil core characterization, including soil–water retention curves, permeability, porosity, and other physical properties. The basic soil properties were used for estimating the correlation constants between SMAP and in situ soil moistures using multiple linear regression. The results produced R-squared values between 0.933 and 0.847. An upscaling approach to SMAP was proposed that showed promising results when a 3-month average of all measurements in cropland was used together. The finding also suggests that the SMAP-Sentinel remote-sensing technology exhibits significant potential for soil-moisture monitoring in certain applications. Further validation efforts and research, particularly in terms of root-zone depths and area-based assessments, especially in the agricultural sector, can greatly improve the technology’s effectiveness and usefulness in the region.

This paper demonstrates the successful implementation of the in-season yield estimation model in Thailand's sugarcane industry. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is a crucial parameter of the model that can be used to identify the growth capability of the sugarcane in each contract farm of the factory, as explained. This paper also identifies the state problem of using satellite data in the context of ASEAN agriculture regimes that need high-resolution satellite imagery for most small farms in this region. The processing workload may increase the cost of technology implementation, which is vital for actual performance. The fewer input parameters while giving higher interpretation ability is the way to use the satellite data technology for this region successfully.

OGC (open geospatial consortium) has developed the implementation specifications especially WMS (Web map service) and WFS (Web feature service) which facilitate GIS data dissemination including the map image distribution for visualization and online GIS data exchange. WPS (Web processing service) is also one of the OGC specifications for processing service which allow GIS functions available on the Internet. This paper reports the implementation and development of WPS which enables user to perform geospatial processing with data requested from another WFS site. Spatial databases are used as spatial engine to carry out the geoprocessing function. Oracle spatial, PostGIS and MySQL are the spatial databases which are tested in this research. WPS request form is adapted by applying SQL statement to be used for calling function from spatial database, and also to simplify and shorten the request form. The result clearly shows the success of implementation of this concept by testing the implemented WPS with available external WFS to get new information through the spatial engine available from the desired databases.

Soil moisture plays a crucial role in various hydrological processes and energy partitioning of the global surface. The Soil Moisture Active Passive-Sentinel (SMAP-Sentinel) remote sensing technology has demonstrated a great potential in monitoring soil moisture at a scale greater than 1 km. This capability can be applied to improve weather forecast accuracy, enhance water management for agriculture, and climate-related disasters. Despite the techniques increasing used worldwide, its accuracy still requires field validation in specific regions like Thailand. In this paper, we report on extensive in-situ monitoring of soil moisture (from surface up to 1 m depth) at 10 stations across Thailand spanning the years 2021 to 2023. The aim was to validate SMAP surface soil moisture (SSM) Level 2 product over a period of two years. Using one month averaging approach, the study revealed linear relationships between the two measurement types, with the coefficient of determination (R-squared) varying from 0.13 to 0.58. Notably, areas with more uniform land use and topography such as croplands tended to have a better coefficient of determination. We also conducted detailed soil core characterization, including soil-water retention curves, permeability, porosity, and other physics properties. These soil properties were then used for estimating the correlation constants between SMAP and in-situ soil moistures using multiple linear regression. The results demonstrated R-squared values between 0.933 and 0.847. An upscaling approach of SMAP was proposed which showed a promising results when using 3-month average of all measurements in cropland together. The finding also suggest that the SMAP-Sentinel remote sensing technology exhibits significant potential for accurate soil moisture monitoring in diverse applications. Further validation efforts and research, particularly in terms of root zone depths and area-based assessments, especially in the agricultural sector, can greatly improve the technology’s effectiveness and usefulness in the region.

The Geospatial Information that service from public organizations and authorities are significantly increasing e.g., JPL OnEarth, GeoBrain, Google, and so on. Those geospatial information services rely on various existing Web technologies such as Web Service, OGC Web Services, REST, and GeoRSS. There are several formats of geospatial data which are published via the standard protocol HTTP such as GML, KML, Shapefile, and GeoTiff. Currently, a number of researches in geosciences community focus on geospatial services integration. The geospatial services integration is jointly defined and introduced by OGC and ISO TC 2111. The services integration is defined in term of service chaining: Transparent chaining, Translucent chaining, and Opaque chaining. This paper reports a research which focuses on Translucent chaining in which public user is allowed to predefine a service chain and execute it via Workflow enactment service. A process definition language is applied to coordinate across XML-based interfaces and support services chaining among Web Service, OGC Web Service, and REST. WPS-T (Transactional Web Processing Service as Workflow enactment service) is implemented and used to introduce a scalable framework. Complex geospatial operation can be managed by sequencing a number of simple operations from service itself or other services into a single operation. A geospatial service chain can then be executed as a single service operation, and it also can be invoked by other service chain. The implemented system is demonstrated to facilitate services chaining which is independent from any services interface.