Background/Objectives: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a common retinopathy that can present with other concurrent diseases; thus, further research into the prevalence of other ocular comorbidities in eyes with CSCR is required. Methods: This retrospective, multicentric, cross-sectional observational study reviewed the charts of 9157 patients. Of them, 579 (6.32%) patients and 766 eyes had an additional ocular comorbidity, in addition to CSCR, in at least one subject eye. Results: The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the subjects eyes was 0.49 ± 0.36 logMAR. The average BCVA of subject eyes with coexisting macular diseases was 0.50 logMAR, while the corresponding BCVA of subject eyes with coexisting peripheral disease was 0.55 logMAR. The most prevalent coexisting macular diseases were non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (26.8%), non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (7.6%) and hypertensive retinopathy (3.0%). The most prevalent coexisting non-macular diseases were lattice degeneration (8.9%), optic atrophy (5.1%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (1.70%) and optic disc pit (1.7%). The odds of having a comorbid disease in the same eye as CSCR were statistically significant for branch retinal vein occlusion (OR 11.56, p-value = 0.02) and non-exudative AMD (OR 2.06; p-value = 0.01); additionally, there was a trend towards significance for idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (OR 4.43; p-value = 0.05) when compared to the eyes without CSCR. Conclusions: Certain diseases are more likely to coexist in eyes with CSCR. Additionally, eyes with CSCR may have statistically significant odds of certain diseases when compared to eyes without CSCR.

Purpose: To report the emergence and progress of four late-stage characteristics: incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) and complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA), drusen ooze and drusen collapse in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of eyes with non-exudative AMD. Multimodal imaging was done at follow up visits ≤ 12 months. OCT volume scan was used to assess and identify the 4 characteristics. Univariate analysis was done for the various demographic and clinical characteristics. Patients with a mean age of 76.7 ± 10 years were followed up for 69.9 ± 20.6 months. iRORA, cRORA, drusen ooze was present in 15.6%, 15.6% and 15.6% of patients at baseline, respectively, and 25.0%, 40.6% and 53.1% of patients at the final follow-up, respectively. At baseline 9.1%, 0% and 9.1% of patients had bilateral drusen ooze, iRORA and cRORA, respectively. By the final follow-up, drusen collapse occurred in 46.9% and 18.8% patients in unilateral and bilateral eyes, respectively. For bilateral cases, the mean interval of time between emergence inthe two eyes for drusen ooze, drusen collapse, iRORA, and cRORA was 5 ± 1.4 years, 2.2 ± 2.2 years, 3.5 ± 0.7 and 1.7 ± 0.6 years, respectively. Conclusions: Late-stage OCT biomarkers are seen bilaterally at 21.9% at baseline and at 56.3% at 5.8 years follow-up. Once present in one eye, cRORA had the shortest mean interval before appearance in the other eye.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the choroidal vascular response using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) during transient increases in blood pressure. Methods: This observational, case–control study enrolled chronic CSCR patients and age-matched healthy controls. OCT scans of the macula were performed at rest and during hand-grip (HG) isometric exercise. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) were measured at baseline and during stress. Quantitative OCT assessment included the bright area (BA, stroma), dark area (DA, vascular lumen), and total choroidal area (CA). The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated as DA/CA to assess vascular response to stress. A comparative analysis between CSCR patients and controls was conducted. Conclusions: MOPP was significantly higher (p = 0.008) at baseline in CSCR patients and further increased under stress compared to controls. SCT and CA were both significantly higher in CSCR patients than in healthy subjects at rest and under stress (p < 0.001), but no change occurred after HG. A significant decrease in CVI (p = 0.005) was noted in controls under stress, but not in CSCR patients. Additionally, a negative correlation between CVI and MOPP was found in healthy subjects (−0.648; p = 0.043). The study demonstrated a choroidal vasoconstrictive response to stress in healthy subjects, as evidenced by a decrease in CVI, but not in CSCR patients. This suggests that CSCR patients may experience impaired choroidal blood flow regulation, resulting in potentially higher perfusion pressures during stress without compensatory vasoconstriction, potentially affecting the choriocapillaris.

Purpose: Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) is utilized in cases of primary and certain secondary open-angle glaucoma to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). SLT effectiveness has been demonstrated in patients with increased IOP secondary to intraocular steroids. In addition to intravitreal steroids, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections are commonly used in patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Some patients receiving anti-VEGF injections experience increases in IOP. No studies have evaluated the effectiveness of SLT for anti-VEGF-associated glaucoma. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study. Anti-VEGF-associated IOP increase was defined as an eye receiving at least one anti-VEGF intravitreal injection prior to SLT. IOP and the number of pressure-lowering drops were measured at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month post-SLT follow-up appointments. Outcomes included changes in IOP, and the number of IOP-lowering drops prescribed. Results: Twenty-three eyes from 18 patients were included in this study. The IOP was 18.26 ± 3.33 with 2.6 ± 1. drops prescribed at baseline. Two eyes required repeat SLT. Over the study period, IOP was reduced by 3 to 4.5 mm Hg, with all p-values <0.001. Eight eyes in the study were drop-naïve (no IOP-lowering drops prescribed prior to SLT). Of these, 6/8 (75%) remained drop-free at the end of the observation period. At their final clinic visit, 78.3% of patients were controlled on SLT without further surgical or medical intervention. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the long-term effectiveness of SLT in anti-VEGF-associated open-angle glaucoma in steroid-naïve eyes.

Background: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face major barriers to ophthalmic care, but data on longitudinal follow-up and visual outcomes after tertiary referral remain limited. Therefore, the study aimed to collect data on these patients after referral. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of PEH using a Homeless Grant program between May 2024 and May 2025 at a tertiary eye clinic. Chart review was done on clinical visits and procedures provided to PEH. Primary outcome was 1-year clinic compliance (attendance at ≥75% of scheduled visits). Secondary outcomes: number and type of ophthalmic procedures, referral sources, and change in best-recorded visual acuity (VA). Results: Fifty-five unique PEH were evaluated (mean age, 55.3±9.5 years; 62% male). Among 45 patients eligible for analysis, 23 (51%) were compliant at 1 year. In univariate analysis, referral source (χ²=10.5; P=0.03) and number of clinic visits (P=0.003) were associated with compliance. In multivariable regression, each additional visit increased the odds of compliance [odds ratio (OR), 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–2.23; P=0.006], and referral source remained significant (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.01–4.91; P=0.047). Of the 41 patients continuing follow-up, 23 (56%) underwent ≥1 procedure, including intravitreal injection, cataract surgery, panretinal photocoagulation, vitrectomy. In this subgroup, 35 eyes had 76 procedures performed. The median VA did not change overall [right (OD): P=0.17; left (OS): P=0.40] but improved by 0.30 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (~3 lines) in treated eyes. Conclusions: Half of PEH achieved sustained ophthalmology follow-up over 1 year. Treatment yielded clinically meaningful VA gains. Referral programs may result in engagement and improvement outcomes for PEH.