Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor with high recurrence rates and limited survival, presents a pressing need for accurate and timely diagnosis. The interpretation of MRI can be complex and subjective. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution, leveraging its potential to revolutionize diagnostic imaging. Radiomics treats images as numerical data and extracts intricate features from images, including subtle patterns that elude human observation. By integrating radiomics with genetics through radiogenomics, AI aids in tumor classification, identifying specific mutations and genetic traits. Furthermore, AI's impact extends to treatment planning. GBM's heterogeneity and infiltrative growth complicate delineation for treatment purposes. AI-driven segmentation techniques provide accurate 2D and 3D delineations, optimizing surgical and radiotherapeutic planning. Predictive features like angiogenesis and tumor volumes enable AI models to anticipate postop complications and survival rates. It can also aid in distinguishing posttreatment radiation effects from tumor recurrence. Despite these merits, concerns linger. The quality of medical data, transparency of AI techniques, and ethical considerations require thorough addressing. Collaborative efforts between neurosurgeons, data scientists, ethicists, and regulatory bodies are imperative for AI's ethical development and implementation. Transparent communication and patient consent are vital, fostering trust and understanding in AI-augmented medical care. In conclusion, AI holds immense promise in diagnosing and managing aggressive brain tumors like GBM. Its ability to analyze complex radiological data, integrate genetics, and aid in treatment planning underscores its potential to transform patient care. However, carefully considering ethical, technical, and regulatory aspects is crucial for realizing AI's full potential in oncology.

Introduction Breast cancer is considered the most common malignant tumor in women, and incidence rates have risen progressively over the last decades. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is an effective treatment option. This research sought to establish the frequency, causes, and distribution of postoperative complications that are associated with MRM in the Pakistani population suffering from breast cancer. Materials and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over one year (May 2023 to April 2024) at the Surgical Department of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Sixty-one female patients (aged 15 and above) with histopathologically confirmed stage I or II infiltrative ductal carcinoma, undergoing neoadjuvant radiotherapy and radical modified mastectomy, were included. Exclusion criteria involved patients with breast cancer complicated by inflammation, immune deficiencies, or preoperative chemotherapy. Patients were discharged on the second day post-surgery and followed for six weeks to assess seroma formation and wound infection. Data was analyzed using SPSS v23 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York), with descriptive statistics and mean/standard deviation for variables. Results Patients' mean age in the study was 48.50 ± 12.30 years. Wound infections were observed in seven patients (11.4%) at around postoperative day 5.20 ± 2.10. Seroma formation was observed in 14 patients (23%), and it usually formed by postoperative day 8.70 ± 4.20. Complications led to longer hospital stays, delayed adjuvant therapies, and increased patient suffering. Complication predictors included the patient's age, cancer stage, and surgical parameters. These complications are clearly demonstrated in this study, and it shows that better management approaches are required to reduce their prevalence and improve the patients' experience. Conclusion This study highlights the common postoperative complications following modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in breast cancer patients, including wound infections and seroma formation. These complications led to longer hospital stays and delays in adjuvant therapies. Improved management strategies are essential to reduce complication rates and enhance patient outcomes in MRM surgeries.

Background: Rupatadine, a dual H1-histamine and platelet-activating factor antagonist, has shown promise in allergic rhinitis (AR), but its overall efficacy and safety remain variably reported. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of rupatadine in adults with seasonal and perennial AR. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to April 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing rupatadine with placebo after registration on PROSPERO (CRD42025065190). Data on nasal symptom reduction, quality of life, and adverse events were pooled using a random-effects model, expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 2442 participants were included. Rupatadine significantly reduced total nasal symptom scores (SMD = −1.36; P = 0.001) and improved nasal congestion (SMD = −0.60; P = 0.008), rhinorrhea (SMD = −1.17; P < 0.001), sneezing (SMD = −1.23; P < 0.001), and nasal itching (SMD = −1.02; P < 0.005) compared with placebo. A dose-response trend favored 20 mg over 10 mg in most outcomes. Quality-of-life improvements were statistically inconclusive (SMD = −1.52; P = 0.24). No serious adverse events were reported; somnolence was the most common adverse drug reaction. Conclusion: Rupatadine is an effective, well-tolerated therapy for AR, providing significant relief from key nasal symptoms, particularly at higher doses. Although quality-of-life benefits were modest, the findings support rupatadine’s role as a safe and potent antihistamine option, warranting further long-term and real-world evaluation.