The integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the self-induced parity-time-symmetric potential [M. J. Ablowitz and Z. H. Musslimani, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 064105 (2013)] is investigated, which is an integrable extension of the standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Its novel higher-order rational solitons are found using the nonlocal version of the generalized perturbation $(1,N-1)$ -fold Darboux transformation. These rational solitons illustrate abundant wave structures for the distinct choices of parameters (e.g., the strong and weak interactions of bright and dark rational solitons). Moreover, we also explore the dynamical behaviors of these higher-order rational solitons with some small noises on the basis of numerical simulations.

In this paper, a simple and constructive method is presented to find the generalized perturbation $(n,M)$-fold Darboux transformations (DTs) of the modified nonlinear Schrödinger (MNLS) equation in terms of fractional forms of determinants. In particular, we apply the generalized perturbation $(1,N-1)$-fold DTs to find its explicit multi-rogue-wave solutions. The wave structures of these rogue-wave solutions of the MNLS equation are discussed in detail for different parameters, which display abundant interesting wave structures, including the triangle and pentagon, etc., and may be useful to study the physical mechanism of multirogue waves in optics. The dynamical behaviors of these multi-rogue-wave solutions are illustrated using numerical simulations. The same Darboux matrix can also be used to investigate the Gerjikov-Ivanov equation such that its multi-rogue-wave solutions and their wave structures are also found. The method can also be extended to find multi-rogue-wave solutions of other nonlinear integrable equations.

We analytically study rogue-wave (RW) solutions and rational solitons of an integrable fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger (FONLS) equation with three free parameters. It includes, as particular cases, the usual NLS, Hirota, and Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equations. We present continuous-wave (CW) solutions and conditions for their modulation instability in the framework of this model. Applying the Darboux transformation to the CW input, novel first- and second-order RW solutions of the FONLS equation are analytically found. In particular, trajectories of motion of peaks and depressions of profiles of the first- and second-order RWs are produced by means of analytical and numerical methods. The solutions also include newly found rational and W-shaped one- and two-soliton modes. The results predict the corresponding dynamical phenomena in extended models of nonlinear fiber optics and other physically relevant integrable systems.

In this paper, we study the families of solitary-wave solutions to the inhomogeneous coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with space- and time-modulated coefficients and source terms. By means of the similarity reduction method and Möbius transformations, many types of novel temporal solitary-wave solutions of this nonlinear dynamical system are analytically found under some constraint conditions, such as the bright-bright, bright-dark, dark-dark, periodic-periodic, W-shaped, and rational wave solutions. In particular, we find that the localized rational-type solutions can exhibit both bright-bright and bright-dark wave profiles by choosing different families of free parameters. Moreover, we analyze the relationships among the group-velocity dispersion profiles, gain or loss distributions, external potentials, and inhomogeneous source profiles, which provide the necessary constraint conditions to control the emerging wave dynamics. Finally, a series of numerical simulations are performed to show the robustness to propagation of some of the analytically obtained solitary-wave solutions. The vast class of exact solutions of inhomogeneous coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with source terms might be used in the study of the soliton structures in twin-core optical fibers and two-component Bose-Einstein condensates.