This work reports a kind of thermal and stress dual-induced nano-SiC-modified microcapsule that is applied to asphalt pavement to improve its self-healing performance. For this purpose, the microcapsules needed to contain a regenerator and be stable in an asphalt mixture. In addition, the microcapsules needed to have good wave-absorbing and temperature-raising properties to realize the dual-mechanism-induced release of microcapsules. In the first step in this study, heat-stressed double microcapsules were prepared. Then, the properties of the microcapsules—including basic properties, stability, mechanical properties, and wave-absorbing and temperature-raising properties—were tested. Finally, the self-healing mechanism of the microcapsules was observed. The results show that the nano-SiC-modified microcapsules have a high core content (87.6%), suitable particle size (average particle size of 53.50 µm), high thermal stability (mass loss of 2.92% at 150~170 °C), high construction stability (survival rate of more than 80%), high storage stability (loss rate of 2.35% at 49 d), and high mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and nano-hardness of 3.15 Gpa and 0.54 Gpa, respectively). Compared with microcapsules without nano-SiC, the thermal conductivity of the 10% nano-SiC-modified microcapsules increased by 21.6%, their specific heat capacity decreased by 10.45%, and their thermal diffusion coefficient increased by 36.96% after microwave heating for 6 min.