Background: 17α-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 gene. The major clinical presentation includes hypertension, hypokalemia, male pseudohermaphroditism and female gonadal dysplasia. Hundreds of pathogenic variants have been reported in this disorder, and some common mutations were found to be race-specific. Case presentation: In this study, we reported 5 Chinese girls with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency from Henan Province. The patients all came to the hospital for hypertension, and they also presented with sexual infantilism. The average age of the patients was 14 years old, ranging from 12 to 17 years old. They all had reduced blood cortisol, estradiol (E2), and testosterone (TESTO) and increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). They all had the appearance of females; however, three of the chromosome karyotypes were 46XX, and two were 46XY. Conclusions: All of the patients carried a mutation on the 329 amino acid of CYP17A1 exon 6. By summarizing the currently known pathogenic mutations of 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, we demonstrated the prevalence of these gene mutations in Chinese Han and non-Chinese populations.

Objective: Obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes have been recognized as risk factors of hypertension in the general population. This study focused on college students and correlations between serum lipids, serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, body mass index, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and hypertension. The results suggested that there was no relevance between serum lipids and hypertension. However, it came out that hypertension is associated with normal fasting plasma glucose, BMI (thinness and normal weight), normal serum creatinine. Methods: A total of 5185 students were enrolled, and their blood pressure, height and weight were measured. 285 of the students were selected to take physical examinations including serum uric acid, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measured. Results: The values of systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), serum creatinine, body mass index(BMI), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) were higher in hypertension group than those in non-hypertension group (P < .001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.009, = 0.07, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). Logistic regression showed correlations between hypertension and hyperuricemia (OR = 2.975, 95%CI: 1.672–5.291), obesity (OR = 2.814, 95%CI: 1.297–6.105), fasting plasma glucose (OR = 2.184, 95%CI: 1.090–4.378) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (OR = 1.005, 95%CI: 1.003–1.007). The AUC was 0.786 (95%CI: 0.729–0.842, P < .0001). We can draw a conclusion that hyperuricemia, obesity, fasting plasma glucose and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, listed in descending order of influence, are risk factors for hypertension in college students.

To analyze the correlation between plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, and blood pressure (BP) levels in college students. Students from 3 universities in Zhengzhou were randomly selected and cluster-sampled for BP survey. According to the “Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension (revised in 2018),” the students were divided into 3 groups: normal BP, high normal BP, and hypertension group. Eighty-three, 101, and 102 cases were selected respectively by stratified sampling using R language from each group. After fasting for 12 hours, fasting venous blood was collected. The plasma electrolytes and biochemical parameters were determined. The blood calcium levels were higher in the hypertension group compared with normal BP and high normal BP groups (2.48 ± 0.11 vs. 2.36 ± 0.12 and 2.41 ± 0.26 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that systolic and diastolic BP were both positively correlated with blood sodium (rs = 0.139, P = 0.019, rs = 0.140, P = 0.018) and blood calcium (rs = 0.377, P < 0.001, rs = 0.301, P < 0.001) while negatively correlated with blood sodium to calcium ratio (r = −0.354, −0.264, both P < 0.001). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that both systolic and diastolic BP were positively correlated with body mass index (β = 0.304, P = 0.028 and β = 0.130, P = 0.032), blood sodium (β = 0.121, P = 0.013 and β = 0.124, P = 0.021), and blood calcium levels (β = 0.336, 0.273, P < 0.001). College students with hypertension have higher blood calcium levels than nonhypertension students. Blood calcium levels are positively correlated with systolic and diastolic BP.