This study investigates the role of eugenol (EUG) on CS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and how this compound is able to modulate macrophage activity. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 12 cigarettes/day/5days and treated 15 min/day/5days with EUG. Rat alveolar macrophages (RAMs) were exposed to CSE (5%) and treated with EUG. In vivo, EUG reduced morphological changes inflammatory cells, oxidative stress markers, while, in vitro, it induced balance in the oxidative stress and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine release while increasing the anti-inflammatory one. These results suggest that eugenol reduced CS-induced ALI and acted as a modulator of macrophage activity.

The strategy of detecting genetic polymorphisms associated with genes which are important for a studied trait has been successfully employed (^{Hax et al., 2017}). For milk production, polymorphisms of the κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin genes stand out. According to ^{Otaviano et al. (2008}) and ^{Freitas et al. (2012}), casein (S1α, S2α and β) and serum proteins (β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin) are associated with increased protein levels in milk. Similarly, other polymorphisms have been investigated, for example, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in leptin genes (^{Madeja et al., 2004}) and pituitary transcription factor or PIT1 (^{Renaville et al., 1997}), because they have significant effects on milk production, feed conversion, weight gain, meat tenderness and subcutaneous fat deposition. In many countries, these studies are well advanced in the Holsten breed. On the other hand, for dairy zebu, there is still a gap. Today, only Australia and the United States are researching the Bos indicus group, giving greater importance to these breeds, especially the Brahman breed. Currently, little is known about the effects of crossbreeding between Holstein and Guzerá cows, kept in a hot climate and a semiarid region.

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of infection by Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia vogeli, and Hepatozoon canis in dogs from the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte state. Also, we evaluated the characteristics that favor the infection by E. canis and the presence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. ticks. For that, 120 dogs were included, from which blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and molecular diagnosis of these four pathogens. Anamnesis and physical examination were performed on each patient, and all properties were characterized. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to verify the association of the studied variables. The most prevalent pathogen in the study was E. canis (13.3%), followed by A. platys (11.7%), H. canis (6%) and B. vogeli (6%). Correspondence analysis performed between E. canis positivity and the variables studied showed the influence of factors such as tick history, non-vaccination and non-use of antiparasitic medications. The main environmental factor observed in the infection by E. canis was the presence of trees and vegetation in the residences. Recognizing these characteristics can help elaborate prevention and control strategies since environmental management activities seek to reduce the interaction between vector and host and, consequently, the exposure to diseases.

One Health is a rising concept that has emerged in order to clarify and transparently convey the coalition between human health, animal health and the ecosystem where they operate, focusing on the promotion of collective health in its cosmopolitan face. This study aimed to report the experience of working on the theme of Unique Health from the perspective of popular health education, contributing to the construction of knowledge about the interaction between human, animal and environmental health. This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, in the form of an experience report, on the performance of the Extension Project “University Promoting Health” at the Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, along with public schools in underserved communities in Mossoró - RN and region, where the theme of Single Health was approached from the perspective of popular health education. 714 students from 14 public schools in the potiguar semiarid were worked through playful and participatory approaches, with pedagogical strategies aimed at promoting the autonomy of students. There was a strengthening of ties between the parties involved in the project, with engagement and significant satisfaction. The relationship established between the team and the students facilitated the dialogue between the parties, enabling the formation of subjects with knowledge and citizen awareness in the aspect of unique health. Finally, the search for new models of working with health in needy communities should be a constant initiative, with the aim of carrying out innovative collective activities and discussing relevant issues for the population.

Background/Objectives: Trypanosomiasis and bovine babesiosis correspond to important diseases that cause great economic losses, but there are still no studies evaluating their occurrence in herds of dairy cattle in Ceará. The aim of this study was to perform molecular diagnosis of the main hemoparasites of dairy cows in the microregion of the central hinterland of Ceará. Methods: For the molecular diagnosis of parasites, genomic material was extracted and polymerase chain reaction directed to the cdCatL-like gene for Trypanossoma vivax and SS rRNA of Babesia bigemina and Babesia. bovis was performed. In addition, the mean corpuscular volume of the samples was evaluated. The data were statistically processed. Results: T. vivax was detected in 0.40% (1/246) of the samples, while B. bigemina and B. bovis were detected in 20.62% (33/160) and 11.87% (19/160) of the samples, respectively. It was found that there was a reduction in mean corpuscular volume in animals that presented with co-infection and those infected by B. bovis only, but not in those hosting B. bigemina alone. The variables “purchase of recent animals” and “tick control” had no association with or influence on B. bovis and/or B. bigemina infection. It was possible to identify epidemiologically important factors that may facilitate the transmission of trypanosoma to healthy animals, such as the recent purchase of animals and use of the same needle and syringe for oxytocin application. Conclusions: The pathogens studied were present in the evaluated population. Daily cow management practices can facilitate the transmission of the diseases they cause.