The growing demand for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) in industrial applications has prompted the exploration of natural fiber-based composites as a viable alternative to synthetic fibers. Using jute–rattan fiber-reinforced composite offers the potential for environmentally sustainable waste material decomposition and cost reduction compared to conventional fiber materials. This article focuses on the impact of different machining constraints on surface roughness and delamination during the drilling process of the jute–rattan FRP composite. Inspired by this unexplored research area; this article emphasizes the influence of various machining constraints on surface roughness and delamination in drilling jute–rattan FRP composite. Response surface methodology designs the experiment using drill bit material; spindle speed; and feed rate as input variables to measure surface roughness and delamination factors. The technique of order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution method is used to optimize the machining parameters; and for predicting surface roughness and delamination; two machine learning-based models named random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) are utilized. To evaluate the accuracy of the predicted values; the correlation coefficient (R2); mean absolute percentage error; and mean squared error were used. RF performed better in comparison with SVM; with a higher value of R2 for both testing and training datasets; which is 0.997; 0.981; and 0.985 for surface roughness; entry delamination; and exit delamination; respectively. Hence; this study presents an innovative methodology for predicting surface roughness and delamination through machine learning techniques.

Plastics utilized in packaging have a significant impact on the environment, leading to considerable concerns regarding human and environmental well‐being. Researchers globally are working to counteract these incidents by integrating biopolymers like starch, cellulose, chitosan, etc., into the packaging sector because of their nontoxic nature, biodegradability, and eco‐friendly properties. This study aims to extract cellulose from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel by combining bleaching and alkaline treatment (17.5% w/v NaOH) and utilizes the extracted cellulosic compounds to produce a practical biodegradable film. The constructed film can be an alternative to synthetic films currently used in industries, minimize environmental harm caused by plastics, and offer a waste management option for jackfruit peels. The study extracted 28.04% cellulose from jackfruit peel wastes, and it was subsequently utilized to develop a biocompatible composite film containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and extracted cellulose. The percentage of cellulose being used in PVA is 0%, 20%, 50%, and 80% compared to pure PVA film. Mechanical properties (tensile atrength, elastic modulus, tensile energy absorption, and strain) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water absorption, and soil burial test were done to define the material and functional properties of 0%, 20%, 50%, and 80% cellulose‐PVA composite film. Among four films, 20% of the jackfruit‐extracted cellulose‐reinforced PVA film has shown better results compared to others. It has shown maximum thermal stability at 368.2^°C. Conversely, the 50% cellulose‐reinforced PVA film has maximum contraction at 57.4^°C with a value of 130.6 μm compared to other percentages in terms of thermomechanical analysis. It also shows the maximum water absorption percentage. It is evident from this study that a cellulosic component generated from jackfruit peels can be used with PVA to make biodegradable packaging films.

Collecting fog water is crucial for dry areas since natural moisture and fog are significant sources of freshwater. Sustainable and energy-efficient water collection systems can take a page out of the cactus’s playbook by mimicking its native fog gathering process. Inspired by the unique geometric structure of the cactus spine, we fabricated a bioinspired artificial fog collector consisting of cactus spines featuring barbs of different sizes and angles on the surfaces for water collection and a series of microcavities within microchannels inspired by Nepenthes Alata on the bottom to facilitate water flowing to the reservoir. However, replicating the actual shape of the cactus spine using conventional manufacturing techniques is challenging, and research in this area has faced a limitation in enhancing water-collecting efficiency. Here, we turned to 3D printing technology (vat photopolymerization) to create bio-mimetic fog collectors with a variety of geometric shapes that would allow for the most effective conveyance and gathering of water. Various barb sizes, angles between each barb in a single array, spine and barb arrangements, and quantity of barbs were tested experimentally and numeric analysis was carried out to measure the volume of water collected and optimize the mass rate. The result shows that optimal fog collection is with a mass flow rate of 0.7433 g/min, with L_i = 900 μm, θ = 45°, ϕ = 90°, N_b = 2, and N_s = 5. This study presents a sustainable and ecologically sound method for efficiently collecting humid air, which is expected to be advantageous for the advancement of future-oriented fog-collection, water-transportation, and separation technologies.

Although metal-polymer heterogeneous structures possess exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, their fabrication remains challenging due to the reactive nature of the materials (metal and polymer) and the risk of property alteration during manufacturing. This study investigates the printing quality of metal-polymer structures fabricated using electrically assisted heterogeneous material printing (EF-HMP), an advanced method of Vat photopolymerization (VP), focusing on the relationship between the polymer and metal layers and their electrical properties. The developed printing solution enables the transport of metal ions for metal printing onto a polymer matrix under a controlled electrical field. The study emphasizes the critical role of microstructures on the polymer substrate in influencing metal electrodeposition, including printing time and morphology. Three microstructure geometries—rectangular, trapezoidal, and semicircular—were designed based on manufacturability and surface-area-to-volume ratio and evaluated for their impact on metal-polymer fabrication. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrical conductivity tests revealed that the semicircular microstructure provided the best printing performance, forming a robust metal structure in a short time and achieving the lowest resistance of 12 kΩ. This research highlights the potential of EF-HMP for metal-polymer fabrication, offering new insights into the influence of polymer microstructures on metal printing at room temperature. These findings pave the way for optimizing the design and functionality of metal-polymer components in metamaterials, thermal management, and flexible electronics applications.