Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, which are related to substantial morbidity and mortality. The incidence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) determinants has been previously reported in this bacterium. However, there is limited information regarding the presence of PMQR and carbapenemase-encoding genes simultaneously. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of these determinants on P. aeruginosa strain isolated from clinical patients in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Fifty-two P. aeruginosa isolates from nosocomial patients were collected from Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo. This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a single center. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the Vitek-2 system. Only carbapenem-resistant isolates were included in this study. Carbapenemase-encoding genes and PMQR determinants were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Resistance rates of 100% were found on tigecycline and ceftriaxone. Of the 52 isolates, 34.6% were positive for the qnr genes, 46.2% for the oqxA gene, and 25% for the aac-(6′)-lb gene. The most frequent carbapenemase genes found in the samples were bla_OXA-51 (42.3%), bla_OXA-1 (15.4%), and bla_VIM (15.4%). bla_OXA-51 co-carrying oqxA was detected in 21.1% of the isolates, bla_OXA-51 co-carrying aac-(6’)-lb in 11.5%, bla_VIM co-carrying aac-(6′)-lb in 3.8%, and bla_KPC co-carrying oqxA in 5.8%. Systematic surveillance to detect carbapenemase-encoding genes and PMQR determinants, and rational prescription using the last-line drugs could help in preventing the dissemination of multidrug-resistant determinants.

Synthetic colorants are widely used globally by different industries for the dyeing process. However, these chemicals pollute the environment and affect human health by causing allergies, hives, dermatitis, and cancer. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of duckweed (Lemna minor) in the removal of the Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) dyes at different concentrations (1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 15 mg/L). Absorbance values were determined at 665 nm for MB and 497 nm for CR after 96 hours. The results show higher removal of MB compared to CR for all concentrations (95.49 % vs. 59.32%, 1 mg/L; 97.24% vs. 39.43%, 5mg/L; 91.30% vs 28.47%, 10mg/L; y 85.42% vs 20.27%, 15mg/L). The removal of MB was observed after 30 min of contact with duckweed, while the removal of CR was observed after 24 hours in all concentrations. Los colorantes sintéticos son altamente utilizados a nivel global por distintas industrias para el proceso de tinción. Sin embargo, estos químicos son altamente contaminantes para el ambiente y afectan la salud humana provocando alergias, urticaria, dermatitis y cáncer. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la efectividad de la lenteja de agua (Lemna minor) en la remoción de los colorantes azul de metileno (AM) y rojo Congo (RC), a distintas concentraciones (1mg/L, 5mg/L, 10 mg/L y 15 mg/L). Los valores de absorbancia fueron determinados a 665 nm para AM y 497 nm para RC. Los resultados muestran que el porcentaje de remoción de AM fue mayor que el de CR (95.49 % vs 59.32%, 1 mg/L; 97.24% vs 39.43%, 5mg/L; 91.30% vs 28.47%, 10mg/L; y 85.42% vs 20.27%, 15mg/L). La remoción del AM se observó a los 30 minutos de contacto, mientras que el RC redujo la absorbancia a partir de las 24 horas.