Glycoproteins pose significant challenges for specific recognition due to their structural complexity and microheterogeneity. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as promising synthetic receptors, offering high stability and tailorable recognition sites. This review specifically highlights and systematically evaluates several cutting-edge design strategies tailored for glycoproteins, including oriented surface imprinting for site-accessible recognition, epitope imprinting for enhanced specificity, and post-imprinting modification for tailored functionality. The fundamental principles, technical advantages, and applications in glycoprotein detection and separation are thoroughly discussed, with a particular emphasis on a comparative analysis to guide strategy selection and how they collectively address the persistent challenges of traditional imprinting. Future perspectives highlight stimuli-responsive systems, multimodal recognition, and computational design to advance MIPs as indispensable tools in proteomics and personalized medicine. The synergistic integration of these advanced strategies within sustainable and standardized MIP systems is particularly promising for fabricating next-generation synthetic receptors with enhanced recognition capabilities.

Flexible wearable sensors have obtained tremendous interest in various fields and conductive hydrogels are a promising candidate. Nevertheless, the insufficient mechanical properties, the low electrical conductivity and sensitivity, and the limited functional properties prevent the development of hydrogels as wearable sensors. In this study, an SFMA/BAChol/PAA/ZnCl₂ hydrogel was fabricated with high mechanical strength and versatile comprehensive properties. Specifically, the obtained hydrogel displayed excellent adhesion and mechanical stability, cryophylactic ability, stable sensitive freezing-tolerant conductivity, and feasible electrical conduction under a wide temperature range, demonstrating the high application potential as a flexible wearable sensor for movement behavior surveillance, even under harsh environments. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of the hydrogel could easily be regulated by varying the copolymer content. The molecular mechanisms of the hydrogel formation and the reversible adhesion during the wet-dry transition were proposed. The non-covalent interactions, including the electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction and hydrophobic association, and coordination interaction, were dynamically presented in the hydrogel network and hence supported the versatile comprehensive properties of the hydrogel. This study provides a strategy for designing novel hydrogels to promote the development of flexible sensors with stable sensitive freezing-tolerant conductivity.