Background/Objectives: Dermatological complaints are commonly seen in the emergency department (ED) setting and may be attributed to infectious, inflammatory, allergic, hypersensitivity, or traumatic processes, yet few studies have been carried out in Saudi Arabia addressing this topic. This study, therefore, aimed to explore this issue by investigating the most common dermatology-related ED encounters in a large tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and estimating the incidence of these encounters. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the ED of King Abdulaziz Medical City, a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data included all patients with dermatology-related ED visits during the period of 2022–2023. Demographic information including, for example, age and sex was collected. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) was used for the classification of diagnoses. Results: A total of 11,443 patients were included in the study, with male patients making up the majority (54.9%). The mean age upon diagnosis was 22.4 ± 23.2 years. More than half of the patients (55.3%) were diagnosed during childhood (<18), while proportions of older ages declined gradually. Average monthly presentations ranged from 400 to 560. Rash and non-specific skin eruptions (16%), cellulitis (13.6%), and urticaria (12.2%) were the most frequent dermatological emergencies. Conclusions: This study examined the dermatological conditions commonly seen in the emergency department. The findings highlighted a range of dermatology diseases that are typically seen in the ED. Addressing these prevalent disorders in the future will enhance ER physicians’ understanding and management of such common dermatological problems.

Background: The nevus of Ota is an uncommon pigmentary skin condition that causes bluish-gray pigmentation and is traditionally treated with a Q-switched laser. Emerging evidence suggests that the 755-nanometer picosecond alexandrite laser is a safe and effective therapeutic option. We sought to determine the overall effectiveness and safety profile of the 755-nanometer (nm) picosecond alexandrite laser for managing nevus of Ota. Methods: We reviewed 6 databases for studies that addressed the safety as well as efficacy profile of the 755-nm picosecond alexandrite laser for nevus of Ota. Ten studies, including 558 individuals with nevus of Ota, were included. The main outcomes were the rate of excellent clinical response and reported side effects encompassing erythema as well as post-inflammatory pigmentary alterations, including both hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Review Manager Version 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3 software were used for data analysis. Results: The pooled excellent clinical response rate for the 755-nm picosecond alexandrite laser was found to be 36.8% (95% confidence interval [24.4–51.2%], P = .642). Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation were each observed in 20.6% and 12.2% of the cases ( P -value < .001), respectively. Post-inflammatory erythema, assessed in 2 studies (n = 23), demonstrated a pooled prevalence of 45.2% (95% confidence interval: 12.9–82.2%). Conclusion: The 755-nm picosecond alexandrite laser demonstrated moderate effectiveness and a favorable safety profile in the treatment of nevus of Ota. Pigmentary complications occurred at relatively low rates across the included studies. Further high-quality prospective and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm long-term effectiveness and safety.

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder characterized by nonscarring hair loss, which can progress to alopecia totalis or universalis. While JAK inhibitors have shown efficacy in severe cases, evidence in pediatric and adolescent populations remains limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in pediatric patients with alopecia totalis and subtotalis. Methods: This is a retrospective case series that included eight patients aged 9 to 14 years treated with upadacitinib 15 mg daily and followed for up to two years. Clinical response, treatment duration, adverse effects, and laboratory results were monitored. Results: All patients demonstrated clinical improvement, with most achieving complete or near-complete regrowth of scalp, eyebrow, and eyelash hair. The median regrowth time was 3 months. Mild acne was observed in two patients; no serious side effects occurred. Conclusions: In this case series, upadacitinib was associated with encouraging clinical responses and was well-tolerated by most of our patients; however, larger-scale studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and long-term safety.