Purpose: This study aims to discuss climate change, by modifying the timing of several agricultural operations, reduce the efficiency and yield of inputs leading to a lower production level. The reduction of the effects of climate change on production yields and on farmers' technical efficiency (TE) requires the adoption of adaptation strategies. This paper analyses the impact of climate change adaptation strategies adopted on maize farmers' TE in Benin.Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses an endogeneity-corrected stochastic production frontier approach based on data randomly collected from 354 farmers located in three different agro-ecological zones of Benin.Findings: Estimation results revealed that the adoption of adaptation strategies improve maize farmers' TE by 1.28%. Therefore, polices to improve farmers' access to climate change adaptation strategies are necessarily for the improvement of farmers' TE and yield.Research limitations/implications: The results of this study contribute to the policy debate on the enhancement of food security by increasing farmers' TE through easy access to climate change adaptation strategies. The improvement of farmers' TE will in turn improve the livelihoods of the communities and therefore contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2 and 13.Originality/value: This study contributes to theoretical and empirical debate on the relationship between adaptation to climate change and farmers' TE. It also adapts a new methodology (endogeneity-corrected stochastic production frontier approach) to correct the endogeneity problem due to the farmers' adaptation decision.

This paper analyses the credit constraints' effect on non-farm entrepreneurship entry decisions in Benin. Using data from a sample of 512 farmers, we determine the factors that influence credit constraints and then assess the effect of credit constraints on non-farm entrepreneurship decisions based on an endogenous switching probit model and propensity score matching (PSM). The results of endogenous switching regression reveal that age and access to extension services are the main determinants of credit constraints while age, sex, household size, marital status, education level and farmer-based organisation (FBO) membership significantly increase farmers' decisions to engage in non-farm entrepreneurship. The PSM's results show that credit constraints have a negative effect on non-farm entrepreneurship entry decisions. The findings suggest that diversification through engagement in non-farm entrepreneurship requires the removal of credit constraints.

Fish holes called “whédos” are excavations performed near water bodies or in the flood plains of Beninese rivers in Africa for rearing fish. During floods, they are filled and naturally colonized by various fish that remain trapped during recessions. This literature review examines fishing, aquaculture, and fish reared in traditional holes in Benin. It reports on cartography, characterization, socioeconomic aspects, challenges, and status of improvement, and proposes prospects for improving this system. Peer reviews and gray literature were used to conduct the analysis. Our review highlights 19 papers reporting on 17 whédos aquaculture experiences based on the exclusion or inclusion criteria. These results indicate that many genera can be reared in whédos, suggesting that whédos offer the possibility of going beyond the production of Clarias and Tilapia in Africa. Furthermore, the exploitation of the whédos system is fairly profitable for fishermen and their households, at approximately US$ 1713 per household annually, used to finance agricultural activities, children’s education, schooling, mitigating farmers’ vulnerability to climate risks, and health care. However, in the past two decades, there has been a significant decline in the quantity of fish collected owing to the adverse effects of hydroclimatic changes, such as floods and prolonged droughts. Moreover, water eutrophication or pollution, the risk of climate change, and fishing methods have affected crop yield over the years. The implementation of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture or Integration Agriculture-Aquaculture in whédos systems can be an effective solution for improving profitability and sustainability. The knowledge gained from this review perspective should be helpful in directing future initiatives to grow and sustain this sector of the economy and to optimize its potential to provide food for future generations.

Résumé : L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner les effets et déterminants de l’émergence des services de compte de monnaie électronique sur l’inclusion financière au Sud du Bénin. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des analyses statistiques et économétriques sur données primaires et secondaires ont été effectuées. Il ressort des analyses descriptives que les services de compte de monnaie électronique ont permis le relèvement du taux d’inclusion financière au sens large de 6,63 points au Bénin, alors que les analyses économétriques montrent que l’âge, le genre, le chiffre d’affaire et l’éducation sont les déterminants de l’utilisation des services de compte de monnaie électronique par les artisans au Sud du Bénin. Ces services contribuent à l’inclusion financière et pour rendre l’accès universel aux services financiers pour tous, les décideurs politiques peuvent s’appuyer sur le potentiel de ces services en concevant une législation flexible aux fournisseurs et utilisateurs de ces services. Mots-clés : Compte de monnaie électronique (Mobile money) - Inclusion financière - Artisans – Sud du Bénin. Exploratory analysis of the effect of the emergence of electronic money account services (Mobile Money) on financial inclusion in southern Benin The objective of this study is to examine the determinants and effects of the emergence of electronic money account services on financial inclusion in southern Benin. To achieve this objective statistical and econometric analyses on primary and secondary data have been run. Statistical analysis showed that electronic money account services have increased the rate of broader financial inclusion by 6.63 points while econometric regression show that age, gender, turnover and education are determinants of the use of electronic money account services by artisan in southern Benin. Therefore, these services accounts contribute to financial inclusion and to make financial services universal for all, policymakers need to use the potential of these services by designing flexible legislation for providers and users of these services. Keywords: Electronic money account services (Mobile money) - Financial Inclusion - Artisans - Southern Benin. J.E.L. Classification: G21 – G29 – O16 – O17.